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سیالکوٹ میں اردو غزل اقبال سے صابر ظفر تک

سیالکوٹ میں اردوغزل (اقبال سے صابر ظفر تک)

علامہ اقبالؒ کی شاعری کا ایک بڑا حصہ غزلیہ اشعار پر مشتمل ہے۔بانگِ درا،بالِ جبریل  اور ضربِ کلیم شعری مجموعوں میں اقبالؒ کی کثیر تعداد میں غزلیں ملاحظہ کی جا سکتی ہیں۔ان میں کچھ مسلسل غزلیں بھی  ہیں جن میں ایک ہی طرح کے مضامین ملتے ہیں۔اقبالؒ داغ دہلوی کے شاگرد تھے ان کی ابتدائی شاعری پر داغ کے اثرات دیکھے جا سکتے ہیں۔"باقیاتِ اقبال "کے نام سے مختلف محققین نے اقبالؒ کا جو منسوخ کلام  مرتب  کیا ہے ان پر بھی داغ کا رنگ واضح نظر آتا ہے۔بانگ ِ درا کی کچھ غزلوں میں بھی داغ کا اندازِ بیان دیکھا جا سکتا ہے۔اگرچہ اقبالؒ کی غزل کے مضامین کلاسیکل اور روایتی شاعری سے منفرد ہیں لیکن کہیں کہیں کلاسیکل اور روایتی رنگ دیکھا جا سکتا ہے۔اس حوالے سے کلام ِ اقبال ملاحظہ ہو:
مانا کہ تیری دید کے قابل  نہیں ہوں میں
تو میرا شوق دیکھ میرا انتظار دیکھ
کھولی ہیں ذوقِ دید نے آنکھیں تری اگر
ہر رہگزر میں نقش کف پائے یار دیکھ1
نہ آتے ہمیں اس میں تکرار کیا تھی
مگر وعدہ کرتے ہوئے عار کیا تھی
تمہارے پیامی نے سب راز کھولا
خطا اس میں بندے کی سرکار کیا تھی
بھری بزم میں اپنے عاشق کو تاڑا
تری آنکھ مستی میں ہشیار کیا تھی
تامل تو تھا ان کو آنے میں قاصد
مگر یہ بتا طرزِ انکار کیا تھی2
موت کا نسخہ ابھی باقی ہے اے درد فراق
چارہ گر دیوانہ ہے ،میں لادوا کیونکر ہوا
میرے مٹنے کا تماشا دیکھنے کی چیز تھی
کیا بتاؤں ان کا میرا سامنا کیونکر ہوا3
انوکھی وضع ہے سارے زمانے سے نرالے ہیں
یہ عاشق کو ن سی بستی کے یا رب !رہنے والے ہیں
رلاتی ہے مجھے راتوں کو خاموشی ستاروں کی
نرالا عشق ہے میرا...

MUSCLE ENERGY TECHNIQUE VERSUS PASSIVE MANUAL SOFT TISSUE THERAPIES ON PLANTER FASCIITIS: A SYSTEMIC REVIEW

Aims of Study: Planter fasciitis (PF) is a common cause of heel pain. Muscle energy technique (METs) and passive soft tissue therapies are widely used for its management. The objective of this review was to evaluate the comparative effectiveness of METs and passive soft tissue therapies on PF. Methodology: An extensive electronic literature search was made using different databases and search engines. Studies regarding METs and soft tissues therapies were investigated according to the eligibility criteria, using extracted data form and assessed for risk of bias. Outcome measures were pain and functional status. Quality assessment was done with Downs and Black, Cochrane risk of bias tool, PEDro scale and Critical Appraisal Skill Program (CASP) tool. Results: Five articles met the selection criteria, were systematically reviewed for quantitative synthesis on comparative effects of METs and passive soft tissue therapies on PF. The quality of studies was moderate to high. Limitations and Future Implications: Less evidence on desired interventions and outcome measures was the limitation. Relative efficacy helps in clinical decision making and improve patient’s related outcomes. Originality: This review is the independent creation of authors. Conclusion: Manual soft tissue techniques are more effective than METs on improving pain and function in planter fasciitis.

Partition of the Indian Subcontinent: Planning and Implementation

India’s Partition was an event of momentous significance for the three major communities, the Hindus, Muslims and the Sikhs who were at the time residing in the subcontinent. It was an equally important phenomenon for the British who were to withdraw their rule and thereby signify an imperial retreat from India. Independence was announced on the 15th of August 1947 after which the two sovereign States of India and Pakistan emerged on the map of the world. The Muslims of the subcontinent had gained a separate homeland and the struggle for freedom by the Indians in general had reached fruition. Partition as a landmark and a milestone was achieved. The manner it actually came about and the numerous stages that its making and implementation went through, is mainly the subject of this study. Lord Mountbatten’s role in the capacity of the last Viceroy of United India gets the major part of attention as he was not only the Crown representative in India, but also the man on the ground taking major decisions. His relationship with other political leaders and his handling of the situation was crucial in the communally tense and volatile Indian situation. The planning for partition and more so its implementation required a meticulous and impartial approach. It was a highly sensitive matter where communities were turning into nationalities and an imperial power was foregoing its control of almost a century. The decisions regarding schedules and time frame, division of assets, handling of Princely States, the issue of Governor-Generalship and choice of personalities to manage the various departments had to be taken carefully. It was a British responsibility, India still being a subject state. The task, however, was not delivered in the spirit of an unbiased arbitral approach with much left to be desired. The result was a hasty and flawed partition and its repercussions so strong that they still hang visibly on the region’s horizon, determining and defining the nature and character of the relationship between the two major of States of South Asia, India and Pakistan.
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