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شہاب الدین دسنوی

آہ! سید شہاب الدین دسنوی!
دارالمصنفین شبلی اکیڈمی میں اس کے معتمد جناب سید شہاب الدین دسنوی کی وفات کی خبر نہایت رنج و افسوس کے ساتھ سنی گئی۔ ۱۰؍ اپریل کو ان کے صاحبزادے جناب امتیاز دسنوی کا یہ تار آیا کہ ’’میرے ابا جان ۳۰؍ مارچ کو انتقال فرماگئے‘‘۔ اناﷲ وانا الیہ راجعون۔ اس کی مزید تصدیق اور تعزیت کے لیے اسی روز ان کے گھر فون کیا گیا۔ اپریل کا معارف عیدالاضحی کی وجہ سے پہلے ہی لکھا اور مرتب کیا جاچکا تھا۔ اس لیے اس میں اس حادثہ فاجعہ کی اطلاع دینے کی بھی گنجائش نہیں تھی۔
وہ ۶؍ جولائی ۱۹۱۳؁ء کو بہار کے مردم خیز گاؤں دسنہ میں پیدا ہوئے، شرفا و سادات کی یہی بستی علامہ شبلیؒ کے بے تکلف دوست شاہ تجمل حسین، ان کے خاص عقیدت مند مولوی عبدالحکیم اور شاگرد رشید مولانا سید سلیمان ندوی کا بھی وطن تھی اور دارالمصنفین کے وابستگان میں مولوی سیدابوظفر ندوی، پروفیسر سید نجیب اشرف ندوی اور جناب سید صباح الدین عبدالرحمن بھی اسی سرزمین کے لعل و گہر تھے۔
سید شہاب الدین دسنوی صاحب کی ابتدائی تعلیم دسنہ کے مدرسہ الاصلاح میں ہوئی، مونگیر سے میٹرک کیا۔ وہاں ان کے والد بزرگوار جناب سید ارادت حسین صاحب سرکاری ملازم تھے، بہار نیشنل کالج پٹنہ سے انٹرمیڈیٹ اور سینٹ زیوئرس کالج کلکتہ سے بی۔ایس۔سی کیا، اس وقت ان کے ماموں سید نجیب اشرف صاحب اسمٰعیل کالج بمبئی میں اردو کے لکچرر تھے، ان کے ایک صاحبزادے کو ٹائیفائڈ ہوگیا تو انہوں نے ان کی تیمارداری کے لیے تار دے کر اپنے بھانجے کو بمبئی بلایا، یہ بمبئی گئے تو پھر وہیں کے ہورہے اور اپنا علم و ہنر اور لیاقت و قابلیت سب اسے نثار کردیا، پہلے انجمن اسلام ہائی اسکول میں ٹیچر پھر اس کے پرنسپل ہوئے اور آٹھ نو برس...

Orientalist Perspectives in Ellis’s Breadwinner Trilogy: A Postcolonial Critique

The study critically engages with the issue of continuity of the orientalist rhetoric in the contemporary literary yields. To establish and substantiate the argument, the researchers have analyzed Deborah Ellis’s Breadwinner Trilogy (2009) that comprises Breadwinner, Parvana’s Journey, and Mud City. All the three fictional narratives claims to have represented the life of the Pakistani and Afghani characters who have been shown to face the existential threats in the wake of the insecurities that have engulfed the region. However, the study contends, the Canadian writer has also given way to the parochial psychological and sociological schema that has been held as the prime representational trope regarding the East, that is, Orientalism. The qualitative and textual approach has facilitated the researchers to negotiate the identified thematic patterns with the interpretive freedom. In this regard, framing the fictional representation into the Saidian critique of the orientalist discourse, the study explicates the reductive approach of the writer and exposes the latent ideological triggers working under the manifest humanist projections. Thus, the study strengthens the postcolonial stance and, therefore, will sharpen the Pakistani students’ understanding of the current socio-literary debates.

Variation in Properties of Different Pakistani Cements and its Effect on Properties of Concrete

This research work pertains to study the impact of variations in characteristics of various brands of cement available in Pakistan on the properties of concrete namely, the workability and compressive strength. The main aim was to study the trends of cement using indigenous raw materials and its effect on resulting concrete. Fineness/Blaine values were considered as the key property of cement and its effect on properties of concrete and other cement properties was investigated. Fineness of cement has substantial effect on the properties of fresh and hardened concrete. It is an established fact that the finenesses of Portland cements have increased during the past 50 years and are continuing to increase. Various researchers conducted detailed investigations on the effect of fineness of cement on properties of concrete. Fineness/blaine values were varied by grinding cement clinker with gypsum at laboratory ball mill level and its effect on properties of mortar and concrete was observed. In order to generalize the result, investigation was conducted and averaged over five cement factories. Fresh cement clinker collected from selected batch of each factory was ground with 4% gypsum in a laboratory ball mill. During grinding, fineness was periodically measured using Blaine’s air permeability apparatus. In this way, six cement samples with different fineness values were prepared from each factory. In order to confirm uniformity of their oxide ratios, chemical composition of sample was analyzed by XRF-Cement Spectrometer. Grinding time for each sample was recorded by the built-in timer of ball mills. A comprehensive testing was carried out on cement samples prepared in this way. Comparisons were made between (a) fineness of cement versus consistency, setting time and compressive strength of cement, (b) slump and compressive strength of concrete, (c) Heat of hydration and TG loss measured by DTA/TGA tests and (d) grinding time utilized in preparation of samples in the laboratory ball mill to make relative study of cost of grinding against desirable properties of mortar & concrete at higher fineness levels. The consistency of cement as well as compressive strength of mortar cubes and concrete increase while setting time decreases with increasing fineness of cement. The results obtained are well in accordance with the previous vpublished data made on foreign cements. A fineness of 3200 cm 2 /g has been recommended as optimum value. Up to this value, increase in strength is more and grinding cost is less. However, after this value, grinding cost increases while rate of gain of strength ceases. However, an interesting pattern was noted regarding fineness versus workability for samples from almost all the sources. Workability of concrete increases with fineness up to 2500 cm 2 /g then it remains constant for fineness up to about 3200 cm 2 /g. Afterwards it again starts increasing. In the case of projects where high workability is needed, fineness may be raised above 3400 cm 2 /g but keeping in mind that it is involved with high grinding cost, thus, making cement uneconomical. So, other techniques e.g., use of admixtures to improve workability, may be more economical.
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