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تحریکِ پاکستان میں مادرِ ملت کا کردار

تحریک پاکستان میں مادر ِملت کا کردار
نحمدہ ونصلی علی رسولہ الکریم امّا بعد فاعوذ بااللہ من الشیطن الرجیم
بسم اللہ الرحمن الرحیم
معزز سامعین اور میرے ہم مکتب شاہینو!
آج مجھے جس موضوع پر اظہار خیال کرناہے وہ ہے:’’مادرِ ملت محترمہ فاطمہ جناح ‘‘
جنابِ صدر!
مادرملت سے مراد فاطمہ جناح ہے۔ محترمہ فاطمہ جناح بانی ٔپاکستان قائد اعظم محمد علی جناح رحمۃ اللہ علیہ کی چھوٹی بہن تھیں۔ ان کی ساری زندگی بانی ٔپاکستان اور پاکستان کے لیے وقف تھی۔ محترمہ فاطمہ جناح قائد اعظم رحمۃ اللہ علیہ کی معتمد ساتھی اور تحریک پاکستان میں ان کی معاون اور رفیق کار ہیں۔ تحریک پاکستان کے ہر موڑ پر محترمہ کی خدمات ناقابل فراموش ہیں۔ انہوں نے اپنی پوری زندگی قومی خدمات کے لیے وقف کر دی تھی۔ تحریک پاکستان کے دوران خواتین کی مختلف تنظیموں کی راہنمائی کے علاوہ عام مسلمان خواتین کے مسائل میں گہری دلچسپی لیتی رہیں۔ آپ خواتین میں بے حد مقبول تھیں وہ ہمیشہ مسلمان خواتین کو تحریک پاکستان کے لیے عملی کام کرنے پر آمادہ کرتیں۔ انہیں ان کی اہمیت کااحساس دلاتے ہوئے قومی خدمت کے لیے تیار کرتیں۔ خواتین کے محاذ پر تحریک پاکستان کے تمام امور کی نگرانی محترمہ فاطمہ جناح کے ذمہ تھی۔
قیام پاکستان کے بعد بھی آپ کی قومی خدمات کا سلسلہ جاری رہا ۔تعلیم نسواں کا مسئلہ ہو یا مہاجرین کی آباد کاری کشمیری مہا جر ین کی دستگیری ہو ،بہبود اطفال اور حفظان صحت کے مسائل آپ کی خدمات ہر شعبے میں جلی حروف میں لکھے جانے کے قابل ہیں۔محترمہ فاطمہ جناح کی قومی خدمات کی بناپر انہیں قوم نے بجا طور پر مادر ملت کا لقب دیا۔ مادر ملت نے قومی مسائل میں اپنے بھائی کی طرح اپنی صحت اور پیرانہ سالی کی بھی پرواہ نہیں کی۔ 1964ء کی تحریک...

Arrhythmias after Implantation of the Left Ventricular Assisted Device Arrhythmias after Implantation of the Left Ventricular Assisted Device

Cardiac arrhythmias has been frequently reported after left ventricular assist devices implantation but currently literature shows no sufficient information on cardiac arrhythmias. Objective: The aim of this study was to assess the frequency and other features of ventricular and supra ventricular ectopic beats ((SVEB), atrial fibrillation (AF)/flutter (AFL) post device implantation. Methods: This is a retrospective study conducted in Department of Cardiac-Surgery, University of Verona Medical School, Verona, Italy from June 2014-September 2016. Rhythm monitoring and registration were collected from 16 patients (13 males; 45±13years) during the first five (05) days after implantation. To assess late post-operative rhythm, patient’s hospital electronic records were used as well asfunctional hemodynamic parameters including mean arterial pressure(MAP), right atrial pressure(RAP), heart rate(HR) and ST-deviation(d-ST). Results: Ventricular arrhythmia (n=9), atrial fibrillation (n=5) or atrial flutter (n=2) episodes were preoperatively present in 11 patients. Postoperatively, 5 patients developed either VT (n=2), AF (n=1) or both VT/AF (n=2) during a follow-up of 18±14 months. Prior to postoperative VT (POVT) episodes (n=123), MAP decreased, HR, d-ST increased and RAP remained unaltered. POVT were initiated either by single VEBS (28%), V-couplets (15%), V-run (46%) or occurred suddenly (11%). Conclusions: Ventricular and supraventricular arrhythmias are common after device implantation. The frequency of sustained VTA was less at early phase as compared to late postoperative phase.

Development of Cost Effective Hplc Based Analytical Methods for Quantitative Determination of Selected Pesticide Formulations

Many pesticides are carcinogenic chemical substances those have proved to be lethal for human. Therefore, the application of these chemicals should be controlled and claimed percentage of active content in pesticide formulations available in market should be maintained. In order to investigate presence of correct claimed percentage in all formulations, accurate, reliable and low cost methods are significantly required. Considering the importance of these methods, a research work was proposed to develop analytical method for simultaneous quantitative determination of active content in pesticide formulations. For all the studies, HPLC1-UV and HPLC2-UV were used. Seven methods were developed and validated by following ICH guidelines. In which dimethomorph and chlorothalonil; azoxystrobin, fludioxonil and metalaxyl-M; mesotrione, atrazine, benoxacor and s-metolachlor; bromoxynil heptanoate, bromoxynil octanoate and MCPA; clopyralid, tribenuron and fluroxypyr; imidacloprid; and fipronil, chlorfenapyr and pyriproxyfen as method 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 respectively were subjected to develop the simultaneous determination of mentioned pesticides. For optimization of each method, mobile phase, flow rate, stationary phase and wavelength were suitably selected. For all the methods except method 1, flow rate was 1.0 mL/min. For method 1: selected flow rate was 1.2 mL/min. For method 2 and 5: stationary phase was RP–18 end capped (5 μm, 4.6 mm x 25 cm) while, for rest of all methods, selected stationary phase was Beckman C-18 (5 μm, 4.6 mm x 15 cm). For all these methods, a mixture of acetonitrile and water was used as mobile phase. These mobile phase solvents were pumped on binary gradient mode with different ratio for different methods. The mobile phase composition (acetonitrile : water) for methods 1 and 7 was 80 : 20, for method 2; 50 : 50, for methods 3 and 6; 70 : 30 and for methods 4 and 5 was 85 :15. At the last, wavelengths were selected for each method for optimum chromatographic response of analytes. For which detection wavelength 230 nm, 220 nm, 212 nm and 270 nm; were selected for methods 1, 2, 5, 6, respectively and 260 nm for methods 3, 4 and 7. Finally, validation of all the developed methods was initiated following ICH guidelines implementing several parameters such as: system suitability test, linearity, LOD, LOQ, precision, accuracy and robustness. The system suitability test for all the developed methods were reported by investigating I asymmetry, capacity factor, and number of theoretical plates of all analytes for each method. Linearity of each developed method was determined by plotting calibration curve between chromatographic response and concentration of analyte. The correlation coefficient was found to be greater than 0.996 for all newly developed methods. LOD & LOQ were investigated based on standard deviation of chromatographic response and their respective slope from calibration curve data. For the validation of precision of methods, interday and intraday analysis of formulation were performed. The percent RSD were less than 2.0 for intraday analysis and less than 3.0 for interday analysis for all the methods. Accuracy for all the newly developed methods was checked by inter laboratory comparison (ILC) test among different laboratories. The Z-score values were calculated for each method in order to report the performance of all laboratories. The z-score values of all developed methods were exceptionally well in comparison with other participated laboratories. Robustness of the all methods were checked by making some deliberate changes in flow rate, mobile phase composition and wavelength for each newly developed method. No considerable change in response of analytes was observed upon above mentioned changes. This proved the robustness of all newly developed methods. Consequently, all the proposed methods can suitably be used for simultaneous quantitative determination of all studied pesticides in formulations for investigating active contents
Asian Research Index Whatsapp Chanel
Asian Research Index Whatsapp Chanel

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