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Home > Al-Basirah > Volume 4 Issue 2 of Al-Basirah

اردو تراجم و تفاسیر میں تفسیر مرادیہ کا مقام و مرتبہ |
Al-Basirah
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مولانا سید اخلاق حسین دہلوی

مولانا سید اخلاق حسین دہلوی
افسوس گزشتہ ماہ مولانا سید اخلاق حسین دہلوی کی رحلت سے علم و ادب اور دلی کی تہذیب و شرافت کا ایک روشن نقش بھی مٹ گیا۔
وہ ۱۹۰۶؁ء میں دہلی کے ایک معزز سادات عالیات کے خاندان میں پیدا ہوئے، ان کے پردادا سید علی بغدادی محمد شاہ کے زمانہ میں بغداد سے دہلی تشریف لائے، ان کے پوتے اور مرحوم کے والد ماجد محمد ابراہیم حسین کا شمار دلی کے نامور شرفاء میں ہوتا تھا، سید احمد دہلوی صاحب فرہنگ آصفیہ ان کے رشتہ کے چچا تھے اور مولانا دہلوی کے بھائی حکیم سید حسین دہلوی کے متعلق کہا جاتا ہے کہ دلی کی تہذیب و معاشرت کے شاید آخری کامل نمونہ تھے۔ ان کا انتقال کچھ عرصہ قبل ہوا۔ پہلے عرب سرائے، دلی کے شرفاء کی قابل احترام ہستی تھی، گردشِ روزگار سے جب یہ اپنے مکینوں سے خالی ہوئی تو اس کے آثار و باقیات کو سخت حالات کے باوجود ان دونوں بھائیوں نے قائم رکھنے کی سعی کی اور اس کے قبرستان و مساجد کی تولیت ان ہی کے ہاتھوں میں رہی۔
خاندان کے علمی ماحول کے اثر سے سولہ برس کی عمر ہی میں مولانا اخلاق دہلوی کے قلم سے ایک کتاب نکلی۔ کچھ عرصہ تک انہوں نے میرٹھ کے قصبہ بڑوت کے ایک کالج میں تدریسی فرائض بھی انجام دیے، اسی زمانے میں انھوں نے درسیات کا سلسلہ شروع کیا جیسے مضمون نگاری، میزان سخن، خلاصہ مصباح القوا عداد رشمیم بلاغت وغیرہ۔ اردو کالج دہلی کے طالب علموں کی سہولت کے لیے مولانا امام بخش صہبائی کی کتاب حدائق البلاغت کی تلخیص روح بلاغت کے نام سے کی، یہ سب کتابیں مقبول ہوئیں اور طلبہ کے علاوہ عام اردو خواں طبقہ کو بھی اس سے فائدہ پہنچا، مولانا کی علمی و تحقیقی کاوشوں کا موضوع...

Understanding and Promotion of Civic Behavior Among Students in the Light of Sīrah

Civic behavior reflects the values related to individual’s attitude towards family, peer group, and neighborhood and includes the way one behaves in the society and community as a whole. The purpose of the present study is to describe what civic behavior is, its characteristics, its status in the Hadith, and the way forward for improvement of the civic behavior as guided by Sīrah of the Holy Prophet (ﷺ). Study implies that truthfulness, mercifulness, polite talk, helping others, respect for others, caring and sharing and promise-keeping, loyalty, sympathy, honesty, kindness, brotherhood, cooperation, fairness and unity are the core qualities that make the individual a civilized and active citizen and our Holy Prophet (ﷺ) is the embodiment of all these virtues. Descriptive approach was followed to explain and analyze the concept. First the concept of civic behavior was interpreted, then its importance and characteristics were discussed. After that it was explored in the light of the teachings of the Quran and the Prophet Muhammad (ﷺ). The findings highlight that the civic behavior in its best form was preached and practiced by the Holy Prophet (ﷺ) and his companions. Each dimension was interpreted in the light of the Quran and the Sīrah. It was concluded that Sīrah of the Holy Prophet (ﷺ) is an immaculate source of guidance and inspiration for not only Muslims but also for the whole mankind in acquiring the core values and abilities that determine the Civic behavior of an individual which ultimately results into a well-organized, peaceful and civilized society The study suggests that civic behavior of the citizens has significant impact on the formation and development of a peaceful society. It is recommended that civic behavior as reflected in the life of and practiced by the Holy Prophet (ﷺ) should be promoted and practiced for achieving a civilized social setup.

Association Mapping of Different Agronomic Traits in Rice Oryza Sativa L. Germplasm

Rice in cereal group is the important food source for more than half of the world population. It has very important position among the cash crops of Pakistan. The country exports high quality rice to different world countries. The present study was carried out to identify loci related to different rice agronomic traits by association mapping technique. For this, a panel of 79 genotypes of Pakistan, Philippine, India, China and Malaysia was evaluated consecutively for three years from 2009-2011. Phenotypic data of different agronomic traits of these genotypes were collected at the adult plant stage. The ANOVA showed that the 79 rice germplasm are differed significantly from each other with respect to all the morphological traits studied. The phenotypic correlation coefficient among all rice agronomic traits was evaluated. The results showed that some of the parameters presented positive correlation, while other exhibited negative correlation with one another. The results of correlation exhibited that selection of higher number of tillers per plant, panicle length, panicle weight, thousand grain weight, number of grains per panicle, spikelet fertility and medium plant height would mainly encourage the rice breeders to achieve more paddy yield in rice. Development of semi dwarf variety will also improve rice yield. So these rice agronomic traits earn more consideration in future rice breeding programs for developing fine grain and higher yielding rice. Population structure of all 79 accessions was determined by using SSR (259) and SNP (733) markers separately and by combing both SSR+SNP markers (992). STRUCTURE software was used to visualize graphically the correct number of sub populations for association mapping study. Recently SNPs are being used frequently for population structure analysis. In present study by using 733 SNP markers on the population, the core collection was divided into two main groups G1 (japonica and basmati) and G2 (indica and other cultivars). G1 included Pakistani basmati varieties e.g. Basmati-370, Super Basmati and Basmati pak while Basmati-2000 showed above 80% similarity to japonica basmati group. Comparison of SSR and SNP result for population structure analysis showed that in case of SSR two at k=2 and four subgroups at k=4 were obtained while in xix SNP only two subgroups at k=2 were found. It may be due to the reason that SSR are multi-allelic markers while SNPs are bi-allelic in nature. So for population structure analysis SSR markers are more informative as compared to SNP markers. Two Statistical approaches such as GLM (general linear model) & MLM (mixed linear model) were applied for association study by using both SNP and SSR markers on diverse rice germplasm different rice parameters. Results illustrated that two different models identify rather different numbers of markers that were strongly associated with the parameters under study. In the GLM approach only Q matrix was used while in MLM both Q matrix and K matrix were used to accurate false positive (superior association). So, the number of markers strongly associated with the traits was much lower in MLM as compared to GLM. Only QTLs above LOD 3 were selected both in GLM and MLM. In these results mostly lower P values were observed in GLM as compared to those from MLM. The phenotypic data of rice agronomic traits such as plant height, number of tillers per plant, first leaf length, first leaf width, first leaf area, flag leaf length, flag leaf width, flag leaf area, panicle length, panicle weight, thousand grain weight, number of grains per panicle, spikelet fertility, paddy grain length, paddy grain width, polished grain length, polished grain width, polished grain shape, cooked grain length, cooked grain width cooked grain shape and yield per hectare were measured. Several markers appeared to be significantly linked to different rice parameters under study. Some of these markers were already reported in previous marker trait association study while many novel markers were also identified. This study has highlighted a unique set of loci which are associated with different rice agronomic traits and can be used for marker assisted breeding to enhance the rice performance under unfavorable conditions. Marker trait associations for number of tillers per plant, panicle length, panicle weight, thousand grain weight, number of grains per panicle, spikelet fertility and plant height which are found to be associated with yield in this study or in previous studies could also improve our understanding about the performance of genotypes.