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Home > Al-Basirah > Volume 2 Issue 2 of Al-Basirah

A True Vision of Human Rights in Islam |
Al-Basirah
Al-Basirah

Article Info
Authors

Volume

2

Issue

2

Year

2013

Pages

1-20

PDF URL

https://www.numl.edu.pk/journals/subjects/156109629911-AL-BASEERA%204%20(Vol.%202%20-%20Issue.%202)%20DEC-2013.pdf

Subjects

Human Rights Divine Rules ethical & legal basis

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مولانا شاہ سلیمان قادری چشتی پھلواروی

شاہ سلیمان پھلواروی
ہندوستان کے مشہور پرانے عالم و واعظ و خطیب مولانا شاہ سلمان صاحب قادری چشتی پھلواروی نے جن کے نغموں نے ہمارے ملک کے پورے طول و عرض کو کم از کم نصف صدی تک پرشور رکھا تھا، وفات پائی، ۲۷؍صفر ۱۳۵۴؁ھ کی تاریخ جمعہ کے دن اور صبح ۷ بجے کا وقت تھا کہ یہ طوطیِ خوشنوا ہمیشہ کے لئے خاموش ہوگیا، پھلواری صوبہ بہار میں عظیم آباد پٹنہ سے ملحق ایک مردم خیز مشہور قصبہ ہے جہاں ڈیڑھ سو برس کے عرصہ میں بہت سے باکمال، اہل علم، علماء، صلحاء، مشایخ اور شعراء پیدا ہوئے، مرحوم بھی یہیں کے رہنے والے اور یہاں کے بزرگوں کے مستند و معتبر خانوادہ کے چشم و چراغ تھے، ستہتر، اٹھتر بر س کی عمر پائی، غالباً ۱۲۷۶؁ھ میں پیدا ہوئے۔
مرحوم کی جوانی کے عہد میں تین باکمالوں کے درس کی مسندیں ہندوستان میں بچھی تھیں، فرنگی محل لکھنؤ میں مولانا عبدالحئی صاحب، سہارنپور میں مولانا احمد علی صاحب اور دلّی میں مولانا سید نذیر حسین صاحب کی، شاہ صاحب مرحوم نے فیض کے ان تینوں سرچشموں سے فائدہ اٹھایا، پہلے فرنگی محل آئے اور یہاں سے فارغ ہوکر سہارنپور اور دہلی گئے، دلّی کے قیام کا زمانہ جس کو ان کی تعلیم کا آخری عہد کہنا چاہئے، ۱۲۹۷؁ھ مطابق ۱۸۸۰؁ء ہے۔
لکھنؤ کے قیام میں درسیات کو ختم کرنے کے بعد انہوں نے طب پڑھی اور اسی طبیب کی حیثیت سے انہوں نے دنیا میں اپنی زندگی کا آغاز کیا، چنانچہ شروع میں حکیم محمد سلیمان کہلائے اور اسی کا اثر تھا کہ شاعری میں جس کا چسکا ان کو بچپن سے تھا اور لکھنؤ کی صحبت میں جس کا چٹخارہ اور بڑھ گیا تھا، اپنا تخلص حاذقؔ رکھا تھا، وہ زیادہ تر اردو اور عربی میں کمتر فارسی میں شعر کہتے تھے،...

اسلام اور مغرب: ڈاکٹر محمود احمد غازی کے افکار کا خصوصی مطالعہ

The comparative study of civilizations, their conflicts, clashes and their harmony are the significant issues of this era. It's a reality that in the present clash of civilizations, Islam is being pushed to a tight corner. The Islamic world today is facing severe challenges and odd circumstances in maintaining their vital values and re-establishing their identity and gaining their due place in the modern world because some of the western thinkers believe that after demolishing the Soviet Union, their next encounter would be with the ideology of Islam. In this situation, the comparison of civilizations and their comprehension has acquired a significant place and it is necessary to highlight the essential elements of various civilizations in such a way that they can sustain their individuality and the misunderstandings among them may be removed to create a peaceful atmosphere which is based on love, mutual tolerance, co-existence and  the supremacy of basic human rights so that the world may return to the merger of various civilizations and harmony among different religions. Allama Iqbal is the thinker who has shown extraordinary depth in his approach towards the study of Islam and the western world, highlighting their differences and the traditions, points and levels of their merger and harmony with a balanced and impartial approach. It's necessary to comprehend Iqbal's ideas keeping in view the history of Islam and the western world, the current demands of the present age and considering organized, solid, argumentative analysis in an objective way  revealing the soul of Islam and the spirit of the west in context of Iqbal's philosophy so that the modern world can move towards a peaceful and creative situation. Dr. Mehmood Ahmad Ghazi was the realization of Iqbal's dream. He is simultaneously an educationist, a great researcher and an illustrator and interpreter of the Holy Quran and narrator of Hadiths. His personality was equally well versed in Islamic art and learning and all their offshoot disciplines. It's the trait of his personality that in spite of travelling far and wide and having done a vast study, he is not impressed at all except by the ideology of Islam. He has very successfully passed on the ancient heritage to its modern heirs with honesty, skill and sagacity. Here an effort has been made to present a review of his views where he has propounded a critical, analytical and scholarly analysis of the western world.

Genotyping of Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus Mrsa from Local Hospital of Rawalpindi/Islamabad, Pakistan

Methicillin resistant S. aureus (MRSA) is a versatile and dangerous human’s pathogen and is a common cause of nosocomial and community acquired infections. S. aureus causes several types of infections such as bacteremia, folliculitis, sepsis, mastitis, meningitis and toxic shock syndrome and staphylococcal pneumonia. S. aureus has developed resistance to the antibiotic ‘methicillin’ and continued spread of methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) strains poses a significant risk to patients and contributes to a substantial financial burden on healthcare resources. HA-MRSA isolates usually belong to six lineages (CC1, CC5, CC8, CC22, CC30 and CC45) out of ten dominant clonal complexes (CCs) or lineages. Various methods have been employed to identify and characterize S. aureus strains. Phenotypic techniques have been replaced by more robust and accurate molecular techniques. The commonly used molecular techniques are Pulse Field Gel Electrophoresis (PFGE), Multilocus variable number of Tandem repeat analysis (MLVA), Restriction modification tests (RM), multilocus sequence typing (MLST) and spa typing. Present work focuses on genotyping of clinical MRSA isolates from three tertiary care hospital located in “Rawalpindi/Islamabad”, in order to examine the types and phylogenetic relationship of the isolates. In order to gain the understanding of the distribution of MRSA clones in Pakistan, where unregulated antibiotic use is widespread and distributions of MRSA is supposed to be high, an epidemiological relationships between 123 methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus strains, isolated between 2006 and 2008 from three tertiary care hospitals of Rawalpinidi and Islamabad, were examined using MLVA scheme, combined with RM typing, PVL sceening, STAR element analysis, spa typing and MLST to investigate the phylogenetic relationships of the Pakistani MRSA isolates. Six loci (clfA, clfB, sdrC, sdrD, spa and sspa) were used in a multilocus variable number tandem repeat analysis (MLVA). A total of 63 MTs/haplotypes were obtained by MLVA. Analysis of restriction modification (RM) genes detected, an RM3 type, associated with CC8, in most strains and an RM1 type, associated with CC30, in only two strains. On further typing of selected strains by Spa typing and MLST, it was found that the RM3/CC8 isolates were ST113-t064, ST113-t451 or ST239, with one of four spa types, whilst the RM1/CC30 isolates were ST30-t021. Analysis of STAR element of these strains for three loci showed their close resemblance; only the strains belonging to CC30 showed no STAR motif in gapR upstream region, confirming their genetic homology to other CC30 strains. Furthermore, the ST30 strains were also found positive for PVL gene. The present genotypic study showed that in Pakistan, the isolates belonging to clonal complex eight (CC8) are dominant in clinical settings. They belong to ST239, ST113 or ST8. The other clonal complex found was CC30 with presence of PVL gene and isolates belong to ST30. The use of MLVA in resource poor laboratories as a rapid and robust method for grouping noscomial MRSA isolates into clusters for identification of localized outbreaks is quite fruitful and MLVA may also provide an understanding of the evolutionary processes as changes in the number of repeats at different loci, may be indicative of which loci are prone to natural selection resulting in higher levels of variation, thus VNTRs serve as evolutionary clock for investigating an outbreaks and transmission events. In this study, we observed more variation in clfA and clfB than in sdrC, sdrD, spa and sspa. We also found that a change in repeat number was not necessarily gradual but may have occurred as a result of large jumps. Some isolates with significant differences in repeat numbers at single locus but being identical numbers in all other loci. Further evidence is provided by the spa typing results, i.e. with a loss of four repeats resulting in a shift from t987 to t030 and a two repeat difference changed t021 to t275. These large jumps might be due to deletions or insertions mediated by recombination or as result of deletions due to slip-strand impairing during DNA replication. Thus MRSA infections have become a challenge across the globe. The MRSA isolates which were once endemic to Europe and America, Africa has now been reported from Asia and thus suggesting that the MRSA isolates which once was endemic to a certain geographical area are no more confined to those boundaries. More over the pandemic spread of one type of MRSA clone across the globe is the result of antibiotic resistance. Therefore a joint global effort will be effective for the xvii control of MRSA infection. Although this study was carried out on limited number of isolated but it is quite useful to strengthen the MRSA data in Pakistan and to develop the genetic profile of MRSA in Pakistan and then to link it globally. This study also helped to under stand that, although there are only two lineages in these hospitals as in most of other Asian countries but there is a diversity at subspecies level as some of the isolates assumed a specific genetic profile as they evolved locally after they were imported to this region. The work presented in the thesis has been published in the following articles: 1- 2- Arfat Y1*, Johnson M2, Malik SA1, Morrissey J2 and Bayliss CD2 (2013). Epidemiology of Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) Isolates from Pakistan. African Journal of Microbiology Research; Vol.7 (7): 568-576. H5 Index: 15. 2- Joanne Purvees1*, Mathew Blades2, Yasrab Arfat3, Salman A Malik1, Christopher D Bayliss1 and Julie Morrissey1 (2012). Variation in the genomic locations and sequence conservation of STAR elements among Staphylococcus aureus species provides insight into DNA repeat evolution. Genomics; 13: 515. Impact factor 4.07.