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جد دا یار سیانا ہویا

جد دا یار سیانا ہویا
ساتھوں دور ٹھکانا ہویا

کول وی آکے ملدا نہیں
مٹی کھیہ یارانہ ہویا

کرسی اوہ مخلوق دی خدمت
جِنّے رب نوں پانا ہویا

پہلے تاں ہک پل نہ وسدا
ہن کیوں یار بیگانہ ہویا

رکھ اڈیکاں میں جا ستا
خواباں وچ یرانہ ہویا

مستی وچ کئی سجدے کیتے
جد دا میں فرزانہ ہویا

شمع نے ہک دم ساڑ جلایا
عاشق جد پروانہ ہویا

جس درود و سلام نہ بھیجے
عاشق کیویں یگانہ ہویا

مستی اپنی اینویں لگے
یار دا مکھ مستانہ ہویا

ذکر فکر وچ تیرے رہنا
ایہو ای تانا بانا ہویا

Grief and Shock, Discernment and Dificulties, Their Reasons and Motives in the Light of the Teachings of the Holy Prophet (PBUH)

Islam has this faith that everything of the universe, small or big has come into existence with the will, power, method and knowledge of Allah. Fate is the attribution of Allah, which is the truth. It is the condition to have belief of this faith. Since, faith is the attribution of Allah and it’s impossible for anyone to know the extent of godly attributions, so the issue of fate is delicate and precise. One must only have the faith that whatever is happening in the world was already in the knowledge of Allah and god has already saved it on the safe tablet. The dilemma of fate has not been solved by anyone and it will never be solved. There must be a simple faith that whatever is happening in the world has already known by Allah as the Creator of everything is God and everything has come into existence with His creation. All the matters happening in the world are of two kinds. In some of them the will and authority is prevail. In these matters which are to be done which are not to be done orders of their execution or prohibition are given. If they are not performed because of will and authority, there will be accountability for them. Secondly, all those works which have the order of not to be performed, it is necessary not to perform them with one’s will and authority. If those works are not avoided, one must be accountable for them. There are some other works which do not involve our will and authority so, whatever happens is according to our fate. The works having our will and authority for performance will be rewarded and punished accordingly. This study explores the reasons of grief, shock, discernment and difficulties, their reasons and motives in the light of teaching of The Holy Prophet.

A Study of Power Structures in Ralph Ellison's Invisible Man and Richard Wright's Black Boy

A Study of Power Structures in Ralph Ellison's Invisible Man and Richard Wright's Black Boy The study deals with novels Invisible Man by Ralph Ellison and Black Boy by Richard Wright which depict bitter experiential realities of institutional racism of late 19th and early20th century American society. Institutional racism is a policy based on racial prejudice aimed at to generate different outcomes for races, marginalizing in particular the minority group and granting more rights and privileges to the majority group. The research study has probed into Institutional Racism vis-a-vis Critical Race Theory with a particular focus on identifying power structures existing in educational, legal, political, social, economic etc. institutions which further institutional racism. The study employed qualitative content analysis technique to analyze the texts of the novels Invisible Man and Black Boy. Power structures are elite groups formed by people who hold influential positions within a government, society, organization or institution. They employ their power base to achieve their vested interests. Whites with more opportunities try to maintain their existing power base and at the same time try to enhance it. This power base which endows the Whites social power or social control forms the core of power structures. This social power or social control is based on resources distributed unequally. The research study has found that Whites exercise their power or social control over the Blacks in order to maintain this power basis or to enhance it and prevent Blacks from acquiring it.
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