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تھیوڈورا

تھیوڈورا

دکتورعلی نے قلوپطرہ پر گفتگو سمیٹی ہی تھی کہ دکتورہ شائمہ نے ایک اور خاتون سے ہمیں متعارف کرایا ۔انھوں نے کہا چھٹی صدی عیسویں میں ایک اور مصری خاتون نے بھی تاریخ میں اپنے آپ کو امر کیا ۔یہ کوئی جدی پشتی شہزادی نہ تھی نہ ہی کسی جنگی سپہ سالار کی بیٹی بیوی یا رشتہ دار تھی اس کا آبائی مسکن مصر تھا جہاں وہ مجرے اور رقص کے ذریعے شکم کی آگ بجھاتی تھی ۔اس من چلی اور لا ابالی لڑکی کے ذہن پر نہ جانے کیا بھوت سوار ہوا کہ مصر چھوڑ کر انطالیہ پہنچی ۔اس کا یہ سفر بری تھا یا بحری اس حوالے سے تاریخ خاموش ہے مگر یہ معلوم ہے کہ اس طویل سفر میں زادِ راہ کا اہتمام جسم فروشی کے ذریعے کرتی تھی انطالیہ میں بھی اس کو پہنچتے ہی ہاتھوں ہاتھ نہیں لیا گیانہ استقبال میں کھڑے شہریوں نے ہار پہنائے۔ ا س نے ’’طوائف گلی‘‘میں ناچنا شروع کیا تو رومی سلطنت کے امیر زادوں کو رقص اور جسم کا نیا ذائقہ چکھایا ۔ ایوانِ اقتدار میں اس کی خوبصورتی اور ادائوں کے چرچے ہوئے تو شاہی محلات تک رسائی ملی اور پھر یکم اپریل ۵۶۷عیسوی کو آیا صوفیہ نے وہ منظر بھی دیکھا کہ مصر کی حسین رقاصہ روم کے طاقتور بادشاہ جسٹینین کی بیوی بن رہی ہے اور شاہی تاج اس کے سر پر رکھا جا رہا ہے ۔تاریخ کی کتابوں میں اس مصری حسینہ کا نام تھیوڈورا ہے ۔ ملکہ بننے کے بعد اس نے اپنے شوہر کو وہ مفید مشورے دیے جس سے اس کی حکمرانی پر گرفت مضبوط ہو گئی ،فتوحات اور شہری اصلاحات کا سلسلہ شروع ہوا سڑکیں اور شاہراہیں بنیں اور تعلیم کے ادارے قائم ہوئے ۔کم عمر لڑکیوں کی جنسی عمل کے لیے خرید و...

EFFECTS OF BOWEN THERAPY IN PATIENTS WITH TENSION-TYPE HEADACHE: A RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED TRIAL

Background and Aim: Bowen therapy is a non-pharmacological method for treating a variety of pain conditions, but its effectiveness in treating tension-type headaches is unknown. We compared the effectiveness of Bowen therapy to a sham treatment. Methodology: In a multi-center randomized controlled trial, the young adults with a tension-type headache were selected from the Neurology Department of DHQ hospital Sargodha and Niazi Medical Complex, Sargodha, with convenient sampling. A priori sample size calculation determined that 44 participants were needed. The participants were randomly assigned to two groups. Bowen Therapy (n=22) and Sham Treatment (n=22) groups were enrolled. The Bowen therapy was devised for two weeks. The measurement was taken at baseline and after two weeks. SPSS 22 was used for data analysis. Results: At baseline, there was no difference found in the Bowen therapy and Sham treatment groups. We have noticed a significant decrease in the severity of pain and improvement in pain pressure threshold assessed by the visual analogue scale (VAS) and algometer in the Bowen therapy group after two weeks (<0.05). However, no changes in pain intensity were found in the sham therapy group. Furthermore, the headache frequency was also reduced in Bowen therapy compared to the sham therapy group (<0.05) after the study period. Conclusion: The findings suggest that Bowen Therapy might be a beneficial and effective treatment for a tension-type headache. Further studies are needed using older adult’s participants.

Performance Evaluation of Brick Masonry Building Against Blast Loading

primary school buildings are fabricated from unreinforced burnt clay brick masonry in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Pakistan. These school buildings are being targeted with improvised explosive devices in the terrorist activities after 9/11 continuously. Consequently, several hundred schools were partially damaged or fully collapsed due to improvised explosive devices detonated in close vicinity. These school buildings are reconstructed again by the government agencies without proper scientific knowledge of blast loading phenomenon and the expected response of masonry buildings. Consequently, this research study is carried out to evaluate response of brick masonry against blast loading. In this report, response of burnt clay brick masonry against blast loading is investigated experimentally. A representative primary school full scale unreinforced brick masonry building and three different masonry systems (unreinforced, ferrocement overlay and confined masonry) were fabricated in the field from typical burnt clay bricks with cement-sand (1:6) mortar commonly used in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Pakistan. All the four test specimens were placed on an equal spacing on the perimeter of circle with a 3.66 m radius. The shock waves were generated at the centre of the circle by igniting cylindrical shaped explosive charges placed at 0.91m height from the ground surface. The test specimens were subjected to similar blast scenario in the eight successive events with increasing explosive charge weights but fixed stand-off distances. The recorded pressure data was processed and an empirical model predicting peak over pressure for the cylindrical shaped explosives was developed. The damage level in test specimens was evaluated after each successive blast event. Weak zones in masonry room were identified and safe scaled distance for masonry room before collapse was experimentally acquired. Scaled distances for different damage levels in the masonry system of walls were obtained. The relative response of different masonry systems subjected to similar blast loading environment was evaluated. The confined masonry, ferrocement overlay masonry and unreinforced masonry walls were found in an increasing order of their responses against blast loading.
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