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سلطان کھاروی دی بال شاعری

 سلطان کھاروی دی بال شاعری

 بال کسے دی قوم تے دیس دا اوہ مستقبل ہوندے نیں جنہاں توں دیس واسیاں دیاں بہت ساریاں آساں امیداں وابستہ ہوندیاں نیں۔ بڈھی پیڑھی نوں بالاں وچ اپنا مستقبل وکھالی دے رہیا ہوندا اے۔اس لئی ایہناں دی تعلیم و تربیت اُتے خاص دھیان دتا جاندا اے۔ اخلاقیات تے صدیاںبدھی قوم دیاں ریتاں توں نویں پیڑھی توں جانو کر وایا جاندا اے۔ کدے تے ایہہ تعلیم دھرم تے دھرمی پوتھیاں راہیں دتی جاندی اے تے کدے سماج اندر پرچلت نکیاں نکیاں کہانیاں تے کوتاراہیں، کدے بڈھی پیڑھی اپنے تجربیاں نوں نویں پیڑھی نوں ایس ڈھنگ وچ دسدی اے کہ اوہناں دا جیون سوکھا ہوجاوے ۔ اوہ سماج لئی چنکے منکھ بن کے سماج سدھارتے ترقی لئی کم کرن ۔ ایہو کارن اے کہ پنجابی سماج اندر ایہہ کم پرانے سمے توں ہوندا آرہیا اے۔ پہلے منورنجن دے سادھن گھٹ سن ۔ ایس لئی شام نوں نانی یاں دادی نویں پیڑھی نوں کہانیاں سناکے اوہناں نوں جیون جاچ دسن دا اپر لا کیتا جاندا سی فیر منورنجن سادھناں دی انتی ہوئی تے بال نانی یاں دادی نوں چھڈکے کار ٹون ویکھن لگ پئے۔ ہن نوبت ایتھے تیک آگئی ہے کہ بال موبائل فون وچ اینے کھب گئے نیں کہ اوہناں کول نانی دادی کولوں کہانی سنن دا اسماں نہیں۔ پہلے پہل کچھ بال رسالے وی نکلدے سن۔بزرگ بالاں لئی خریددے تے بالاں نوں پڑھن لئی دیندے، ایہہ رواج وی مک گیا اے۔ ایس ریت دے مکن نال یال ساہت لکھن والیاں دی گنتی وی بہوں گھٹ گئی اے۔ پر ایس گئے گزر ے سمے وچ وی کچھ آہری کوی تے لکھا ری بال ساہت دی رچنا وچ  رجھے ہوئے نیں۔ ایہناں وچوں اک ناں سلطان کھاوری دا وی اے۔

سلطان کھاروی دیاں بال نظماں ’’بال...

Psychological Effects of First Language Attrition on Undergraduate English Level Learners in Faisalabad

For many years, researchers have debated the impact of a learner's second language (L2) on their first language (L1). The general goal of this study is to identify the psychological elements that contribute to first language loss when learning a second language. Because this study is limited to Faisalabad, the first language is Urdu, and the data was gathered from undergraduate English as a second language students. The present study investigates to what degree English, as a second language, learners feel it difficult to communicate in a foreign language environment. English language classrooms of two universities including a private and government-level university have been taken as a sampling frame. Data have been collected through questionnaires which were given to twenty-five (25) students from each university. In addition, semi-structured interviews were done to assess replies. The findings demonstrated that psychological abruptions are a primary cause of the smothering of the first language to the constraints of foreignness and oddity in English Language Learners. The study finds that improved language education rules are required, and students should be able to utilize their first and second languages in day-to-day conversation. The study is useful for improving pedagogical practice in English Language Teaching (ELT).

Exploration of Functionalized Sorbents for Heavy Metal Ions Removal

The nano silica spheres are synthesized through sol-gel process. These spheres have very surface area of around 920 m2/g and pore size of about 4.7 nm diameter and are good support material for the preparation of selective sorbent. The silica surface was activated by reacting with an organosilane coupling agent like 3-aminopropyltrimethoxy silane (APTMS) by dispersion in appropriate reaction medium. This process sufficiently activated the inert silica surface for further attachment of organic moitities. Chelating ligands such as 1-napthyl-2-thiourea (ANTU), thiosemicarbazide (TSC) and capryl pyrazolone (CP) were chemically reacted with activated silica surface and functionalized sorbents are synthesized. FTIR, EDX and TGA analysis confirmed the successful immobilization of the organic moieties to the silica surface. After synthesis and characterization, the performance of the materials were tested as sorbents for the separation of heavy metals like Hg(II), Cd(II), Zn(II), Ag(II), and Cr(III) from their aqueous solutions in batch experimental procedures using radiotracer technique. The results showed that the attached functional groups enhanced selectivity of the sorbent towards target metal ions. These functionalized sorbents displayed fast adsorption kinetics and entrapped high percentage of toxic heavy metals from spiked water samples. The adsorption processes were systematically monitored as a function of pH of the medium, agitation time, metal ions concentration and functionalized silica dosage. Effect of various interfering ions on the adsorption of these metals was investigated. Response of the sorbent and sorption process to temperature is also studied and various useful thermodynamic parameters like change in enthalpy (ΔH), entropy (ΔS) and free energy (ΔG) are derived and discussed. An attempt was made in this study to suggest possible mechanism for the uptake of the metal ion and to validate the experimental data by fitting into sorption models such as Langmuir, Freundlich, and Dubinin Radushkevich D-R. Morris Webber, Lagergren and Richenberg‘s equations were applied to follow the kinetics of sorption process. Practical utility and environmental significance of the work was demonstrated. Regeneration of sorbent was carried out to explore the possibility of reuse of these sorbents. These sorbents could be effectively employed for environmental remediation of toxic heavy metals and will greatly improve the conditions of drinking water. Key words: silica nano particles, covalent grafting, adsorption, pollution abatement, radio tracer, Metals preconcentration, heavy metals, organic-inorganic hybrid
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