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مولانا اکبر شاہ خاں نجیب آبادی

مولانا اکبر شاہ خاں نجیب آبادی
ہماری مرثیہ خوانی ناتمام رہے گی اگراس موقع پر ہم نے ایک اورذات گرامی یعنی مولانا اکبر شاہ خاں نجیب آبادی کا ذکر نہ کیا۔مولانا ہندوستان کے مشہور مورخ تھے لیکن جدید طرز کے نہیں بلکہ قدیم طرز کے، وہ راسخ و مضبوط اسلامی عقیدت کی رہنمائی میں تاریخ کی قابل قدر خدمات انجام دینی چاہتے تھے۔ اُن کی تصنیفات ’آئینہ حقیقت نما‘، ’تاریخ اسلام‘، ’مقدمہ تاریخ ہند‘، ’نظامِ سلطنت‘،’حجۃ الاسلام‘،’فصل الخطاب‘ اور’معیار العلماء‘ وغیرہ یہ سب اُن کے مذہبی جوش و دینی عقیدت کی شاہد عدل ہیں۔مرحوم نہایت فقیرانہ زندگی بسرکرتے تھے۔ ان کا اثاثہ بیت صرف ایک عظیم الشان کتب خانہ تھا جس میں فارسی کی زیادہ اورعربی کی کم، تاریخ کی نادر قلمی کتابیں موجود ہیں۔ مرحوم انتہا درجہ کے خوددار اورغیور تھے، انھوں نے اپنی تمام عمر انتہائی افلاس وعسرت کے ساتھ ایک گوشہ گمنام میں گزاری اورکبھی گوارا نہ کیا کہ ارباب ثروت کے آستانہائے عظمت و غرور پر جبہ سائی کرکے علم کی متاع لازوال کو رسوا و ذلیل کریں حالانکہ اگر وہ چاہتے توامارت و ریاست کی دکان پر اپنے مذہبی تقدس اورعلم کی فاتحہ پڑھنے والوں کی طرح ہزاروں روپے ماہوار کماسکتے تھے۔آں مرحوم ہوبہو اسلامی اخلاق کامجسمہ تھے، نہایت متواضع، حلیم و بردبار، صاف باطن، مروت کیش، بزرگوں کاادب اورچھوٹوں پرشفقت کرنے والے۔
اپنے والدین کے اس درجہ اطاعت گزار اورفرمانبردار تھے کہ اس قدر علم و فضل کے باوجود اپنے تئیں والدین کاادنیٰ سے ادنیٰ خادم تصور کرتے تھے،عربی میں عُمَلَّس والدین کی اطاعت میں ضرب المثل ہے ۔کہاجاتا ہے ھواَبَرُّ من عُمَلَّسْ۔ ہماری رائے میں اگر عُمَلَّسْ کی بجائے مولانا کانام رکھ دیاجائے تو بالکل بجا درست ہے۔
افسوس ہے کہ نوماہ کی طویل علالت کے بعد ہماری بزمِ علم وفضل کایہ لعل شب چراغ بھی ۱۰/مئی ۱۹۳۸ء کوقیامت تک...

مكاتیب رسول اور عربی خط نویسی

Islam has borne a deep and lasting impact on all aspects of human life. Inevitably language, which is a crucial factor in the build-up of society, has also been re-vitalized and re-invigorated by Islam. It was Arabia where Islam dawned its early rays, hence it is the Arabic language that got evolved under the revolutionary spirit of Islam. This deep impact has been caused through the two basic sources of Islam i. e. Quran and Hadith. Since our focus is Hadith, hence we shall talk on the impact of Hadith on the Arabic language. Hadith has a lasting influence on the Arabic language, its literature, and the various genres of the Arabic literature. The topmost among these diverse genres that dramatically evolved under the impact of Islam is 'letter writing'. The genre of letter writing has been passing through its evolutionary stages before the Prophet-hood of Muhammad (S. A. W) . Yet the clarity and style that it adopted; the purposefulness that it aspired and opted for; and its utility as an important official correspondence document all happened in the hands of our Holy Prophet (S. A. W) . In short, it turned into a regular genre of literature. Letter-writing owes deeply to the life infusing spirit of our Holy Prophet (S. A. W) for its lay-out and design, its aim and purpose, and basic features. Our Holy Prophet (S. A. W) left a lasting impact on the letter writing that shall always be a source of inspiration for the faithful.

Autopoietic Banking Model Abm : A Departure from Quagmire of Interest

Economies of the world encounter financial crises time and again and the main stream researchers are in search of some solution to insulate the economies from crises but no plausible solution has surfaced as yet. The crises majorly erupt through banking channels because of systemic problems in banking. The systemic fault of contemporary banking ignites crises which ultimately transform into financial and economic crises which may not be limited to any specific country or region.This dissertation is aimed to identify the systemic problem in the banking domain and to provide its solution. The study follows positivism as research philosophy and uses mathematical logic as methodology to map the contemporary banking model for uncovering the systemic problem. A formal system has been compiled for the study. The techniques of rewriting with equational reasoning and summations of terms of identified sequences have been used for formalization. The quality of autopoiesis (self-sustainability and self-reproduction of system) has been checked through logic whereas validity and sustainability of the model have been checked against objective criteria. The study shows that there is gap between conventional structure and operational behavior of contemporary banking model which emanates crises. This gap is the seed for crises which dictates the behaviors of banking system. The review of contemporary banking model has revealed that an ex-ante levy (a charge levied before production of goods and services) in the system is one of the main reasons of banking crises. It has also been found that there are certain actors of banking system which have conflicting dual roles. The banks (one actor) bind the firms (other actor) by way of contracts to collect a levy from households (yet another actor) in lieu of providing them loans which do not have logically plausible justifications. There are certain implicit presumptions attached to conventional structure of contemporary banking model which too are problematic. The study presents a new self-sustainable (i.e. autopoietic) banking model which is based on ex-post instead of ex-ante levy. The comparison of autopoietic banking model with contemporary banking model shows that the proposed model will be more responsive to financial distractions and will be helpful in reducing financial crises as there will be lesser chance of mismatch between conventional structure and operational behavior of the system.
Asian Research Index Whatsapp Chanel
Asian Research Index Whatsapp Chanel

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