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بولیاں دا ٹبر

بولیاں دا ٹبر

اک وار دی گل اے کہ کسے پنڈ وچ بولیاں دا ٹبر رہندا سی۔ اوہناں دے منڈے دا نواں نواں ویاہ ہویا سی۔ منڈے دے سوہریاں نے واہی لئی اپنی دھی دے داج وچ اک ڈھگا دتا سی۔ اک ڈھگا اوہدے کول پہلے توں موجود سی۔

ویاہ توں کجھ دناں بعد اوہ زمین واہن لئی اپنے کھیت جاندا اے۔ ہل چلاون لئی دونویں ڈھگے اوہدے کول نیں۔ جدوں اوہ ہل چلا رہیا ہوندا اے تاں دو پولس والے راہ بھل گئے اوہدے کول آ جاندے نیں۔ اوہ اوہدے کول راہ پچھدے نیں تے اوہ سمجھدا اے کہ اوہ آکھ رہے نیں کہ ڈھگے کتھوں لے نیں۔ اوہ جواب دیندا اے کہ اک میرا اپناتے دوجا مینوں سوہریاں نے دتا اے۔ اوہناں اوہدے کولوں تین چار واری ایہو سوال پچھیا تے اگوں اوہنے پہلے والا ای جواب دتا۔ جواب سن کے پولیس والیاں نوں بہت غصہ آیا۔ اوہناں اوس نوں بہت کٹیا تے اوہنوں چھڈ کے چلے گئے۔ جاندے ہوئے آکھدے نیں کہ ایہہ پاگل ہو گیا اے۔ جو ساڈی گل نئیں سمجھدا۔

اوہناں دے جاون مگروں اوہدے گھر والی روٹی لے کے آندی اے۔ اوہ روٹی نوں اک پاسے رکھ کے اوہنوں مارنا شروع کر دیندا اے تے آکھدا اے کہ تیرے ماں پیو نے مینوں چوری دا ڈھگا دتا اے۔ جس کارن مینوں پولیس نے بہت ماریا۔ اوہدی بیوی گھر آ کے اپنی سس نوں آکھدی کہ توں مینوں اج روٹی دیر نال دتی اے جس کارن میرے گھر والے نے مینوں ماریا اے۔ اوہدی سس بھٹھی اتے دانے بھن رہی ہوندی اے۔ اوہ کڑاہی بھٹھی توں چک کے زمین اتے مار دی اے تے آکھدی اے کہ اج میں پہلی وار بھٹھی تائی اے تے میری نونہہ سڑ گئی اے۔ اوہدی سس ساری...

Negative Wash-Back of Formative Assessment to Learning in Saudi Higher Education Context

This article reports the wash-back of formative assessment on what students learn, how they learn and the depth of their learning in Saudi higher education context. Previous research indicates that assessment methods affect different aspects of learning either positively or negatively depending on the nature of assessment tasks. Observations indicate a clear association between Saudi students’ learning and how their learning is assessed; so this research was needed to determine how exactly the correlation looked like—positive or negative. The data in this study were collected from Saudi undergraduates by employing a student survey and semi-structured interviews. The survey included Likert scale items of agreement regarding research assignments, quizzes and midterm examinations administered to 250 English-major students. To validate the survey results, sixteen students from different levels with GPA 3 and above were interviewed. The results showed that formative assessment narrowed down the scope of learning materials. The students mostly adopted surface level learning strategies to prepare for formative assessment tasks. Higher order thinking skills were not tested in any of the formative assessment methods. Therefore, it is suggested that assessments tasks should be subjected to thorough validation and moderation. Sound assessment practices should be put in place and practiced judiciously. To achieve these objectives, sustained institutional and departmental professional backing is a prerequisite.

Effects of Cooling Hole Shapes on Film Cooling Effectiveness

The present study is related to the numerical investigation of different hole shapes for film cooling performance, which is widely used for cooling of high temperature gas turbines. The adiabatic film cooling effectiveness values are determined computationally, downstream of 30o inclined cooling holes. Different hole shapes compared are circular holes, two types of triangular holes, and two types of semicircular holes. Semicircular-1 hole, which has straight edge towards windward direction and curved edge towards leeward side, is found to produce best effectiveness results. This type of hole shows much higher values of laterally averaged effectiveness at blowing ratios of 0.67 and 1.0 as compared to a full circular hole. At blowing ratios of 1.33 and 1.67, the effectiveness results from semicircular-1 hole are found similar to the results of full circular hole. The semicircular-2 holes (straight edge towards leeward direction and curved edge towards windward side) show almost similar effectiveness results as the results of a full circular hole. Same effectiveness results from either type of semicircular hole as for a full circular hole, is still highly advantageous because semicircular hole requires half mass flow of coolant as compared to the requirement for a full circular hole, to produce the same blowing ratio. Hence the loss of thermal efficiency, due to the extraction of coolant from the compressor, can be reduced by using semicircular-1 or semicircular-2 hole. Semicircular-2 holes are further investigated by arranging them in two inlined/ staggered rows. Two rows of semicircular holes are equivalent to a single row of full circular holes because in both cases coolant cost or requirement is same. Hence the results of two rows of semicircular-2 holes are compared with a single row of full circular holes. Result of spatially averaged effectiveness from two staggered rows of semicircular-2 holes is 200% or higher than that from a single row of full circular holes at all blowing ratios tested. The lowest coolant jet heights are found for two staggered rows of semicircular holes, also the counter rotating vortex pair for that case is the weakest one. In the study of compound angle orientations of a single row of circular holes, two staggered rows of semicircular-1 holes and two staggered rows of semicircular-2 holes, it is seen that for simple inclination angle (i.e., for β = 0o), the two staggered rows of semicircular-1 holes for blowing ratio of 0.67 show almost 400% higher values of spatially averaged effectiveness as compared to a single row of full circular holes. When compound angles are used, it is seen that semicircular holes (either semicircular-1 or semicircular-2) shows much higher values of spatially averaged effectiveness than single row of circular holes, especially at low orientation angles. Among two types of semicircular holes, the two staggered rows of semicircular-1 holes show higher spatially averaged effectiveness as compared to two staggered rows of semicircular-2 holes but this difference decreases with increasing orientation angle (β). Also, the two staggered rows of semicircular-1 holes without any compound angle show better spatially averaged effectiveness than from the single row of circular holes or two staggered rows of semicircular-2 holes at all orientation angles. Hence using semicircular-1 holes in staggered rows, the need of compound angles may be avoided. Finally it is recommended to use the semicircular-1 holes instead of full circular holes for much better effectiveness or for reduced coolant requirement.
Asian Research Index Whatsapp Chanel
Asian Research Index Whatsapp Chanel

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