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مراتب اختر کا ادبی مقام و مرتبہ(نامور ادیبوں اور دانشور وں کی نظر میں)

مراتب اخترکا ادبی مقام و مرتبہ

نامور ادیبوں اوردانشوروںکی نظر میں

 

                مراتب اختر کا شمار اُن شعرا میں ہوتا ہے جنھوں نے جدید شاعری میں ایک نئے رجحان کو متعارف کروایا اور اُن کے اس فن کی تمام ناقدین قدر کرتے ہیں۔مراتب اختر کی شاعری کے رکھ رکھائو اور ڈِکشن کے حوالے سے معروف نقاد افتخارجالب لکھتے ہیں:

مراتب اختر نے جو شاعری کی ہے اس میں رکھ رکھائو، ڈِکشن کی ملائمت، نفاست اور مروّجہ شعریت نہیں ہے۔ سب کچھ اُکھڑا اُکھڑا دکھائی دیتا ہے۔ یہ خرابیاں کہ اِمکان سے نابلداندھے، اور بے مغز لوگوں کو گراں گزرتی ہیں، درحقیقت مراتب اختر کی خالص خوبیاں ہیں۔ ان خوبیوں سے مستفید وہی ہو سکتا ہے جو شعر کی منزہ صورت کو پہچان سکتا ہو۔اِمکان کے اِمکانات تک جن کی رسائی نہیں ان کے لیے مراتب اخترکی شاعری کوئی لذت اورمعنی نہیں رکھتی۔اس شاعری کے لیے کہ اِمکان کے اِمکانات پرایمان کو پہلی شرط قرار دیتی ہے، زندہ اور تواناہونے کے ساتھ ساتھ شعر کو ڈِکشن کی موجودگی اور عدم موجودگی دونوں صورتوں میں پہچاننے کی صلاحیت ہونی چاہیے۔

                مراتب اختر کی شاعری درحقیقت یہ تقاضا کرتی ہے کہ آپ بھی مراتب اختر ہوں۔ آپ کے اور اس کے اِمکانات یکساں نہیں تو مماثل ضرور ہوں تاکہ آپ یہ جان سکیں کہ کتنے ہی اِمکانات ہیں:حقیقت میں تبدیل ہوتے ہوئے، نئے اِمکانات کو ضم دیتے ہوئے:رائج الوقتی سے بے نیاز، نامراد و کامگار! کیا آپ اس تقاضے پر پورے اُترتے ہیں؟ اگر نہیں، تو نہیں، کبھی بھی نہیں، مگر نہیں شاید!(۱)

                ڈاکٹرمحمدزکریا اُردو ادب کے نقادوں میں اہم نام اور مرتبہ کے حامِل ہیں انھوں نے کچھ عرصہ اسلامیہ کالج سول...

An Existential Anthropological Study of Selfhood, Uncertainty and Resilience Among Youth of Tando Ghulam Ali, Sindh

This study combines three orientations, namely existential thought about the meaning of ‘being’ and ‘existence, ’ phenomenological insights into ‘lived experience, ’ and anthropological endeavor at what it means to be human. It attempts to focus on the human conditions by directly engaging with human beings. Specifically guiding itself with the questions such as how young people engage in the meaning-making of their lived experiences in their life course’s ever-changing process. Taking its theoretical insights and inspiration from existential and phenomenological anthropology, by zooming in on lived experiences, the research was conducted using life story interviews to collect the narratives to gain understandings into the life-worlds as it is lived and made sense of by young people of Tando Ghulam Ali, a rural town of District Badin, Sindh. Based on the ethnographic data and observations, it is argued that the meaning-making of lived experiences was different among research participants with a strong presence of selfhood and self-consciousness temporally and affectively; the difference in orientation towards life is entangled with personal history as well. This research went beyond the horizons of culture and society to put existence, life, and being, which are silhouetted at meta-level, at the heart of anthropological focus. This research is an experimental research project in anthropology, which has attempted to step its foot into the human condition's terra incognita, which calls for anthropologists’ further exploration.

Evaluation of Pyeloplasty Among Children With Pelvouretric Junction Stenosis at French Medical Institute for Mothers and Children, Kabul, Afghanistan

Introduction: PUJO is one the most common pathology in paediatric urology. It is the most common cause of Hydronephrosis that may progress to irreversible damage to the kidney if not resolved. Aim: The study is to evaluate outcome of pyeloplasty and find out the association of demographic characteristics and clinical factor on outcome of pyeloplasty among children at FMIC, Kabul, Afghanistan. Methodology: A hospital based retrospective Case Series study design was conducted at French Medical Institute for Mothers and Children, Kabul, Afghanistan. Records of 150 participants who were admitted at surgery department under diagnosis of UPJO reviewed from first January, 2010 till last December 2015, among them 110 patients based on inclusion and exclusion criteria enrolled in the study. Chi square, one way ANOVA and paired t- test were run to determine the association of factors with outcome of Pyeloplasty. Results: Our study findings have identified that among 110 patients, 90 (88.1%) were males. Most of patients had problem on left side 79 (71.8%), right kidney in 23 (20.9%) and bilateral involvement in 8 (7.3%), all except one who diagnosed prenatally were diagnosed in postnatal period. The diagnostic tools used in this study were US and IVU. The most common complaints reported were flank pain 45.5%. Around 9 (8%) of patients had associated anomaly; most common obstructive cause were narrow ureter 86 (78.1%). Urinary tract infection was identified in 13 (11.8) patients. Hydronephrosis grading was according SFU grading system as Grade 1 (1) grade 2 (13) Grade 3 (58) and grade 4 (44) patients. Out of 110 patients, 90 had undergone Pyeloplasty procedure, while 20 patients with complete destroyed kidney had undergone nephrectomy. Patients were divided into two groups (< 2 years and > 2 years) according to their age. The follow up modality were US parameters (anteroposterior diameter of pelvis and percentage of improvement in pelvis diameter. PI more than 15 was considered as successful outcome. The overall success rate of Pyeloplasty procedure was 82%. This study revealed the factors that affect the outcome of Pyeloplasty included: degree of hydronephrosis before operation and presence or absence of UTI. Conclusion: UPJO is one of the most common pathology in paediatric urology; in chronic case, it may progress to irreversible damage of kidneys, Aarly operation causes better outcome, as this study finds out, it improves the renal function, which approved this finding by improved in creatinine clearance level. Perusing international literature
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