سید سبط علی صبا(۱۹۳۵ء۔۱۹۸۰ء) کا اصل نام سبطِ علی اور صباؔ تخلص کرتے تھے۔ آپ سیالکوٹ کے قصبہ کوٹلی لوہاراں میں پیدا ہوئے۔ سبط علی صباؔ ابتدائی تعلیم کے بعد پاکستان فوج میں بھرتی ہو گئے۔ ۱۹۶۵ء کی جنگ میں لاہور محاذ پر بھارتی فوجیوں کا ڈٹ کر مقابلہ کیا۔ پاک بھارت جنگ کے دوران بھی آپ نے چند بڑی نظمیں لکھیں جو ہفت روزہ’’واہ کاریگر‘‘ واہ کینٹ اور ہفت روزہ’’ہلال‘‘ راولپنڈی میں شائع ہو چکی ہیں۔ آپ نے ۱۹۶۸ء کی عوامی جمہوری تحریک اور مقامی مزدور تحریکوں میں بھرپور حصہ لیا۔(۸۹۰)صباؔ کا شعری کلام ماہنامہ’’فنون‘‘ ماہنامہ’’ہلال‘‘ مجلہ’’ہماری زبان‘‘ دہلی’’ماہ نو‘‘ لاہور اور دیگر ملکی رسائل و جرائد میں شائع ہوتار ہا ہے۔ مجلس تصنیف و تالیف واہ کینٹ نے ۱۹۸۶ء کو سبط علی صبا کا شعری مجموعہ ’’طشت مراد‘‘ شائع کیا۔ سید سبط علی صباؔ نے پچاس کی دہائی میں باقاعدہ شاعری شروع کی تھی۔ صباؔ ابتدائے شاعری سے ہی طبقاتی اور رزمیہ طرز فکر کے حامل فنکا ر تھے۔ صبا ؔکی غزل کے مطالعہ سے معلوم ہوتا ہے کہ ان کے ہاں کسی تحریک یا نظریہ سے وابستہ طبقاتی شعور نہیں بلکہ وہ پوری دنیا کو ظالم اور مظلوم ،حاکم اور محکوم ،جابر اور مجبور ،امیر و غریب ،جاگیر دار اور کسان اور آجر اور مزدور کے حوالے سے دیکھتے ہیں۔ ان کی شاعری کرہ ارض کے ہر مظلوم کے ساتھ غیر مشروط و فاداری کا اعلان کرتی ہے۔ احمد ندیم قاسمی اس حوالے سے رقم طراز ہیں:
وہ اپنے آنگن سے باہر کی دنیا تک چار طرف جب چھینا جھپٹی کے مناظر دیکھتا تھا اور زر پرست معاشرے میں پسنے والے کروڑوں عوام پر نگاہ ڈالتا تھا تو ایسا ایسا قیامت کا شعر کہہ جاتا تھا کہ تجربات اور محسوسات کی اتنی صداقت اور ساتھ ہی خیال کی اتنی...
This study examines the community services and facilities provided seeking for, (صلى الله عليه وسلم) Prophet Holy of life the in Madinah of State the in guidance in the social development of community by fulfilling the basic needs of citizens in the modern-day. By declaring Medina a first Muslim state, the Holy Prophet (ﷺ) rendered invaluable services for the betterment of his people. He stressed upon providing fundamental rights of the human beings. The focus of this article is to shed light upon the ways of providing the most important needs of the citizens, which have been insured in the state of Madīnah, especially but not limited to those of a Muslim community. Nonetheless, it further elaborates how a civil government can provide the basic infrastructure, development of roads, religion abodes, supplying clean water, and promotion of peace and harmony among the people, and the rights of minorities in the light of Sīrat-e-Ṭayyibah. The method used in this article is descriptive and analytical study of the relevant Aḥādith, and building arguments on it. This study concluded State the in municipality the of foundations the led (صلى الله عليه وسلم) Prophet Holy that of Madīnah, and the basic needs of food, shelter, clean water. It ensured a peaceful society. Moreover, it is suggested that these aspects and teachings of Sīrat should be blazoned widespread to pave the way for social development, peace and harmony.
Meloidogyne graminicola is one of the major pest threatening rice production in the world. Studies to estimate M. graminicola prevalence and incidence were conducted during 2014-2016 in rice fields of Faisalabad and Chiniot districts of central Punjab, Pakistan. Studies revealed variation in prevalence and incidence of M. graminicola at both districts. Maximum prevalence of M. graminicola was observed 22.5% and 27.5% in Chiniot and Faisalabad respectively during the rice growing season of 2016, while, 20% from Chiniot and 25% from Faisalabad during 2015 and minimum prevalence was recorded 17.5% and 20% during 2014 respectively. The severity of nematode attack on the rice roots and infested fields was based on different attributes like galling index, root-knot nematodes (RKN) per root system, RKN per 100ml of soil, stylet bearing nematodes and non-stylet bearing nematodes were recorded with varying degree of infestation at various locations. Meloidogyne graminicola isolates were recovered from soil and root samples. The isolates were identified on the basis of perineal pattern and ITS based sequencing. Eleven alternate host plant species were examined in this study that showed varying degree of M. graminicola infestation. ITS sequencing and phylogenetic analysis of eight isolates indicated that most of the isolates from this study clustered together with isolates of India, Nepal, Vietnam and China. The results indicate that rice is severely attacked by M. graminicola, necessitating the development of appropriate control measures for its management in rice and other crops related to gramineae family. Twelve cultivars of rice and forty eight advance lines showed different reaction against M. graminicola i.e. tolerant, partially tolerant, susceptible and highly susceptible. Response of forty eight advance lines and 12 cultivars against root knot nematode M. graminicola were observed. Among twelve cultivars Basmati Pak, Super Basmati, PK-386 and Sheen Basmati showed susceptible reaction while Basmati 385 showed highly susceptible reaction and rest seven varieties were moderately susceptible (PS-2, Kashmir basmati, IR-24) and partial tolerant (Basmati-2000, NIAB IR-9, Basmati-198, Basmati 515 ). Among 48 advance lines ten lines showed tolerant reaction, fourteen lines showed partial tolerant, fifteen advance lines showed moderately susceptible and eight advance lines showed susceptible response. Nematicidal potential of five synthetic chemicals i.e., Furadan Rugby, Match, Polo and Matanza were tested against M. graminicola at their standard (S), half (S/2) and double dose (2S) levels. Results of in vitro study disclosed that all chemicals except Polo significantly inhibited egg hatching and J2s mortality of M. graminicola. Furadan, Rugby, Match and Matanza were found effective to inhibit 88.4, 86.3, 89.7 and 81.0% egg hatching, respectively as compare to control while Polo inhibited only 32% egg hatching. Moreover, Furadan and Rugby significantly inhibited the invasion and development of nematodes on rice compared to control. In field study, all chemicals were applied either as root dip or soil application. Match, Furadan and Matanza treated plants observed significantly lower number of eggs and J2s against control. Both applications methods were effective, but soil application was the best. All the chemicals applied either as root dip or soil application improved plant height, shoot weight, grain weight by inhibiting nematode reproduction i.e., gall formation, development of adult females, eggs and nematode population in soil except Rugby that caused phytotoxic effects on plants. All the chemicals were found more effective at their standard dose than double or half dose. In conclusion, soil application of all tested chemicals in this study except Rugby seemed viable option for chemicall control of M. graminicola in rice fields of Pakistan.