المبحث الخامس: إتفاق الشعراء حول نازك الملائكة
اتفق الشعراء والنقاد بأن نازك الملائکۃ شاعرۃ عظیمۃ لأنھا لھا ممیزات أدبیۃ وشعریۃ رائعۃ وأنھا تستجیب لشعورھا وإحساسھا قبل کل شيء. یقول محمد غنیمي : ’’الشاعر یستغرق في تجربتہ، والکشف عنھا ھو غایتہ، ونظرہ إلی جمھورہ ثانوي، لأن عملہ استجابہ إلی شعورہ قبل أن یکون تلبیۃ لفکرۃ‘‘. وقیل عن القرن التاسع عشر والقرن العشرین: ’’ھذا القرنان اللذان یعجبان بعدد من شاعرات العرب، عائشۃ التیموریۃ ونازك الملائکۃ وفدوی طوقان وعائکۃ الخزرجي وجلیلۃ رضا وجمیلۃ العلایلي وغیرھن‘‘ ۔
مکانة نازك الملائكة بين الشاعرات (النساء) في عصرها
لنازك الملائکۃ مکانۃ عظیمۃ بین شاعرات وأدیبات عصرھا، وتعتبر ھي الرائدۃ للشعر الحر، وقد أعطت نازك الملائکۃ تعریفاً واضحاً للشعر الحر بأن ’’ھو شعر ذو شطر واحد لیس لہ طول ثابت وإنما یصح أن یتغیر عدد تفعیلات من شطر إلی شطر .
والآن دعونا نتعرف علی بعض شاعرات العرب اللآتی لھن الفضل الکبیر والأعمال الرائعۃ القیمۃ في الساحۃ الأدبیہ سواءً النثر أو الشعر۔
عائشة التيمورية
ھي عائشۃ عصمت بنت إسماعیل باشا بن محمد کاشف تیمور، ولدت في أحد قصور(درب سعادۃ) عام 1840م۔ نشأت في بیت علم وسیاسۃ، تزوجت وھي في الرابعۃ عشرۃ من عمرھا سنۃ 1854م. فقدت الشاعرۃ ابنتھا توحیدۃ التي توفیت في سن الثانیۃ عشر وظلت سبع سنین ترثیھا حتی ضعف بصرھا وأصیبت بالرمد فانقطعت عن الشعر والأدب، وکان لھذا الحادث الأثر العمیق في نفس عائشۃ وظلت سبع سنوات بعد وفاۃ ابنتھا في حزن دائم وبکاء لا ینقطع في سنۃ 1898 أصیبت بمرض في المخ واستمر المرض أربع سنوات فتوفیت في 25 مایو عام 1902م۔
فدویٰ طوقان
فدوی طوقان (1917۔2003) من أھم شاعرات فلسطین في القرن العشرین من مدینۃ نابلس، ولقبت بشاعرۃ فلسطین، حیث مثّل شعرھا أساساً قویاً للتجارب الأنثویۃ في الحب والثورۃ واحتجاج المرأۃ علی المجتمع، فکانت شاعرۃ عظیمۃ وأدیبۃ رائعۃ لھا أعمال نثریۃ وشعریۃ.
شعرھا
1. وحدي مع الأیام،...
Being sensitive means being overwhelmed and easily affected by little things happening in the environment. Sensitivity is usually considered negative trait in humans and sensitive people are being treated negatively and harshly in society, such individuals are usually observed to curse themselves. This qualitative study was designed to explore the meanings and perception of sensitivity. Triangulation of data sources was selected to find the results. This study recruited 21 participants for interview and 56 documents for data collection. The participants in this study were inducted purposefully having ages between 18 to 29 years. WhatsApp interviews, aligned best with the objectives of the research study that lasted from 20- 30 minutes. Data collection was started after the formal approval of research protocol from the departmental research committee. Three veterans of qualitative research were involved in the recording and transcription of data; memos and code book were also incorporated along with the data. Phenomenological analysis for interviews and content analysis for documents were used to analyze the data through the lens of Rubin (2021). Methodological Integrity was maintained through triangulation of data sources. The findings exhibit six main themes; intensive feelings, personality traits, expectations, prioritizing relations, emotions and extreme reactions. Researchers faced an increment in sensitivity during data collection. To deal with this problem few pauses were taken during data collection, so it took longer than usual to collect data. Implications of the study have been discussed.
Pakistan itself is a country of more than 135million people with birth rate 25.89%, with population, is incapable to meet the energy demands by production of approximately 64,000bbl/d.high population have high consumption and consequently develops pressure on country for import. According to one estimate resources potential of Pakistan is 200 trillion cubic feet of gas and 40 billion barrels of oil. We have so far been able to find only a small part of these resources and the remaining potential is more than sufficient to challenge the mind of explorer. Pakistan it self is not sufficient to meet the local demand so after the 1999 reforms in oil sector the govt had taken major measures to increase the private investment (both from local and foreign companies), induce the competition in upstream & downstream sector, Accelerate the investment in infrastructure development, deregulation of prices, to break the monopoly of public entity increase the production of refineries so that finished products import can be reduced. The long term vision for these reforms should be that producer would compete among themselves for large consumers (including distributors); the transmission and distribution companies would offer a transportation service (and not be merchants in addition to being transporters); cross border pipelines would enhance competition as well as quality of service; and an independent regulator would promote competitive market conduct. The ultimate purpose of the new policy reforms will be to ensure that there is no more monopoly exist, companies can induct and operate in the market and they are free to obtain the crude from refinery (with in the country) and also they have free will to import the crude and petroleum products from other countries but subject to the availability of their storage capabilities. Now the issue is that how the benefits of competition and efficiency gains are passed on to consumers in terms of quality, service, safety and regular supply although the prices are fixed throughout the country. vi At present near about seven companies are operating in downstream sector as oil marketing companies. The study is conducted on two companies (PSO (public sector) & SHELL (private sector)) because of easy access to data. In this study a competitor’s analysis model is applied on Pso and Shell Company to test the hypothesis that “Companies that make steady gains in mind share and heart share will they inevitably make gains in market share and profitability”. Here a qualitative approach was used for getting better understanding of respondent’s views and empirical data is collected from employees and customers of PSO & Shell. Data analyses were done on the basis of questionnaire design & on study model. Finding from respondents data shown that petroleum products prices are not identical to preference but only other attributes (quality, inventory, supply, other technical services) can increase the customer preference. It is testified and confirmed by many methods.