اردو کے اہم مدونین (امتیاز علی عرشی)
امتیاز علی خان عرشی کا امتیاز یہ ہے کہ انہوں نے اردو ادب کو تحقیق کے آداب و رموز سے آشنا کیا۔ تحشیہ و تدوین کا معیار قائم کیا اور اپنی تحقیقی کاوشوں سے ادب کو بیش بہا تصانیف سے روشناس کروایا۔ان کی تدوین، تحقیق کے تازہ واردان کی رہبری اور رہنمائی کرتی اور انہیں اس فن کے اصولوں سے آگاہ کرتی ہے۔بہت سی کتابوں کو عرشی نے نئی زندگی عطا کی اور اردو تدوین کو اعتبار بخشا۔امتیاز علی عرشی ۸ دسمبر۱۹۰۴ء کو رام پور میں پیدا ہوئے۔ملازمت کی بھی تو علم و ادب سے وابستہ رہے۔ فروری ۱۹۸۱ء میں رام پور میں انتقال کیا۔آپ کی اہم تصنیف مندرجہ ذیل ہیں:
• مکاتیب غالب • نظام نامہ
• ترجمہ مجالس رنگین • انتخاب غالب
• نادرات شاہی از شاہ عالم • سلک گوہر از انشاء
• کہانی رانی کیتکی کی از انشاء
دیوان غالب:
تحقیق میں امتیاز علی عرشی کا خاص کارنامہ ان کی قابل قدر تدوین و ترتیب ہے۔ اختلافات نسخ، جعلی نسخوں ، تصحیح متن، حوالوں کی جانچ پڑتال اور تحقیقی مواد کی فراہمی کا ان میں ایک خاص سلیقہ موجود ہے۔ غالبیات کے ماہر کی حیثیت سے ان کے تحقیقی اور علمی کارنامے ناقابل فراموش ہیں۔غالبیات کے ماہر ہونے کے علاوہ امتیاز علی عرشی نے دوسرے موضوعات پر بھی قلم اٹھایا ہے۔ غالب کے علاوہ عرشی نے انشاء اور سعادت یار خان رنگین کے کلام اور ان کے ادبی اکتباسات سے بھی دل چسپی لی ہے۔عرشی کے علم کا دائرہ بہت وسیع تھا۔انہوں نے تاریخ سے بھی دل چسپی لی اور اس کے پس منظر میں ادب کی نشوونما کا جائزہ لینے کی کوشش کی ہے۔
حافظ محمود شیرانی اگر اردو تحقیق کے معلم اول ہیں تو معلم ثانی صرف اور صرف امتیاز علی خان...
Tuberculosis (TB) is a lethal disease and developing countries are struggling to overcome this health hazard especially in rural areas and faced globally. Therefore, serious measures are required to reduce this global health hazard. Millary and pulmonary are the most common types of tuberculosis occurring globally. X-ray is the preliminary method to detect tuberculosis; however, the diagnosis is quite often subject to human error. In contrast, the chances of curing Tuberculosis depend on its timely and accurate diagnosis. Therefore, an intelligent machine learning algorithm is developed in this study to assist the clinician in an accurate TB identification in x-ray images. The proposed method pre-processes the X-ray image, enhances its quality and extracts the features of each class which are further passed on to a Deep Convolutional Neural Network-based design for the X-ray image classification, followed by the identification of the tuberculosis type i.e. Millary, Cavitary, Healthy. The classification accuracy for the developed method resulted in 88% and 89% for millary and cavitary TB diseases in x ray images.
The research work has been divided into three parts, Part I, Part II, and Part III. Part I A Series of di-and tri-organotin(IV) complexes (23) have been synthesized by the reaction of tri- and diorganotin(IV) chlorides/oxides with 3(3-Indolyl)-propionic acid and 4,5-diphenyl 2-imidazole thiol ligand in dry toluene under reflux condition for 6-8 hrs. The coordination behaviour of ligands and geometry of synthesized complexes were studied by employing different analytical techniques such as FTIR, multinuclear NMR (1H, 13C, 119Sn). Based on these results, the ligand appeared to coordinate the Sn atom via COO- & -SH moiety. The triorganotin(IV) derivatives reveal a monomeric tetrahedral structure in solution. While diorganotin(IV) dicarboxylates have shown an octahedral geometry, however, the coordination around Sn change from six to five in solution, in most cases. The appearance of new peaks for Sn-O and Sn-S in the IR spectra indicated the formation of organotin(IV) carboxylates and values point to the bidentate nature of ligands in solid state. Multinuclear NMR (1H, 13C and 119Sn) data revealed that the coordination number of Sn changed from five to four in triorganotin (IV) derivatives and from six to five in diorganotin(IV) compounds. Part II For the first time, we have studied Electrogenerated chemiluminescence of Ru(phen)32+ /Dibutylamino)ethanol system. ECL of Ru(phen)32+ /DBAE was compared with ECL of Ru(bpy)32+ /DBAE at both Au and GC electrodes. ECL intensities of Ru(phen)32+ /DBAE were found several times of ECL of Ru(bpy)32+ /DBAE. In addition, Ru(phen)32+ is sensitively detected using very low concentration of DBAE. ECL behavior of Ru(bpy)32+ /DBAE and Ru(phen)32+ /DBAE was vigilantly studied under cyclic voltametry and amperometry conditions at Au and GC electrode.Therefore, Ru(phen)32+ / DBAE system is promising for the sensitive detection of biologically important compounds. Part III We have presented a new, easy and environment friendly method for the facile aqueous preparation of silver nanoparticles well defined in size and shape by exploiting EG as mild reductant. No additives, such as surfactant is needed in the procedure. The size and shape of the silver nanoparticles are sensitive to the reactant temperatures and the concentration of the precursor. A denser concentration of precursor facilitates the formation of large and highly crystalline nano-Ag particles. The other metal nanoparticles, such as gold, can be successfully fabricated as well by this technique. It is important to note that the reducing reactivity of EG was rapidly increased with the increase in reaction time, concentration of the precursor and temperature, which offers the possibility of preparation of metal nanoparticles with a shift of particle size range from ca. 10 to 30 nm. In addition, Quantum dots (QDs) are reported as promising fluorescent probes for biomedical imaging. We have tried to fabricate CdTe QDs using SFSD as reducing agent under isothermal method.