المؔ مظفر نگری
افسوس ہے کہ شاعر بُرہان جناب الم مظفر نگری گزشتہ ۲۹؍مئی کو ہمیشہ کے لیے رخصت ہوگئے،مرحوم کوبُرہان سے جوتعلق ِخاص تھا اُس کااندازہ اس آخری خط سے ہوتا ہے جواُنھوں نے ایک غزل کے ساتھ ۲۶؍اپریل کوتحریر فرمایا تھا۔ اب المؔ صاحب جیسے مخلص،سادہ مزاج ،پختہ کلام، باکمال ادیب وشاعر کو آنکھیں ڈھونڈتی ہی رہیں گی،بطور تبرک غزل کے ساتھ مرحوم کاآخری خط بھی شائع کیاجارہا ہے۔ [ع، جون ۱۹۶۹ء]
خط
۲۴ فردوس منزل، مظفر نگر
24/4/69
مولانا آداب۔ اگرچہ مضمحل ہوں مگر ابھی زندہ ہوں۔آپ نے مجھے مُردوں میں شمار کرلیا میری کئی غزلیں آپ کے دفتر میں ہیں مگر کئی ماہ سے برہان میں ایک بھی غزل نہیں چھاپی گئی۔ آج ایک تازہ اور غیر مطبوعہ غزل پیش کررہا ہوں ماہ اپریل کے برہان میں لگوادیجیے۔ جب تک لکھنے کا یارا باقی ہے ضرور آپ کی خدمت کرتا رہوں گا۔
غالبؔ و ذوقؔ کے سہروں کا موازنہ نظرِ اقدس سے گزرا ہوگا یہ الجمعیۃ میں چھپا تھا سچ کہیے ایسا مضمون غالبؔ کی صدسالہ برسی پر کسی اور نے بھی لکھا یا نہیں اور حضرات نے اچھے اچھے مضامین لکھے لیکن وہ زیادہ تر سیاسی تھے، ایک ادیب اور مکمل شاعر کو ایسی باتوں سے بھلا کیا واسطہ اس کا کمال تو ادب و شعر تک محدود ہے۔ حکیم صاحب سے سلام کہیے اور غزل کاتب کو لکھنے کے لیے دے دیجیے۔
نیاز کیش
المؔ مظفر نگری
Background and Aim: Bowen therapy is a non-pharmacological method for treating a variety of pain conditions, but its effectiveness in treating tension-type headaches is unknown. We compared the effectiveness of Bowen therapy to a sham treatment.
Methodology: In a multi-center randomized controlled trial, the young adults with a tension-type headache were selected from the Neurology Department of DHQ hospital Sargodha and Niazi Medical Complex, Sargodha, with convenient sampling. A priori sample size calculation determined that 44 participants were needed. The participants were randomly assigned to two groups. Bowen Therapy (n=22) and Sham Treatment (n=22) groups were enrolled. The Bowen therapy was devised for two weeks. The measurement was taken at baseline and after two weeks. SPSS 22 was used for data analysis.
Results: At baseline, there was no difference found in the Bowen therapy and Sham treatment groups. We have noticed a significant decrease in the severity of pain and improvement in pain pressure threshold assessed by the visual analogue scale (VAS) and algometer in the Bowen therapy group after two weeks (<0.05). However, no changes in pain intensity were found in the sham therapy group. Furthermore, the headache frequency was also reduced in Bowen therapy compared to the sham therapy group (<0.05) after the study period.
Conclusion: The findings suggest that Bowen Therapy might be a beneficial and effective treatment for a tension-type headache. Further studies are needed using older adult’s participants.
This dissertation is a comparative study in the literature of resistance between the two famous writers: (Ghassan Kanafani and Kreshan Chandar) in Arabic and Urdu languages respectively. It is obvious that the similarity between the global literatures is a well-known phenomenon and we find this similarity clearly in the literature of Arabic writer Ghassan Kanafani and Urdu writer Kreshan Chandar, because Ghassan Kanafani tasted the bitterness of immigration and asylum after the occupation of Palestine by the Jews with the help of British conspiracy. Similarly, Kreshan Chandar grew up in the affected areas of the occupied Kashmir, and he also tasted the bitterness of immigration and asylum after the liberation of the Indian subcontinent from British colonial rule in 1947and he saw injustice closely. This dissertation contains on preface and four chapters: 1- Preface includes the concept of comparative literature, concept of resistance and concept ofliteratureofresistance. 2- Chapter 1 includes the brief history of Kashmir and Palestine. 3- Chapter 2 Ghassan Kanafani, his life briefly and his literature of resistance. 4- Chapter 3The life of KershanChandarbrieflyand his literature of resistance. 5- Chapter 4 comparative study of the resistive literature of the two writers with similarities and differences. Themajor findings of the researchare: 1- Both writers have agreed to urge women and laboring classes to resist injustice andoppression,theyalso urging them to renounce optimism and despair. 2- Both refused defeat, and confirmed to resist all kinds of the problems and hurdles. They alsoresisted blind imitation of foreign culture. 3- Both haveagreedthat before making anyrevolution revival of peoples and nations must be done. 4- Both have tried through their stories to reflect the images of their communities and the realities of theirenvironment without anyfear. I have also highlighted the differences between the two writers as below:1- Kanafani stresses upon resistance of death, Zionist occupation, incapable leaders, migration, weak national identity, and wrong direction in the bios, he also realized that dignity, greatness and lost cannot be restored by the tears in the history of nations. 2- Kreshan Chandar violates the idea of war, and wants to change the outdated system, hated colonialism, feudal lords and capitalists in general, he also strongly resists the exploitation of religion for personal purposes, splitting countries on the basis of religion sectarian violence, injustice with woman, religious education, counter extremism in all formsand forced marriage We hope that this study will be a useful addition in the field of comparative literature, and has opened up new opportunities for the students of Arabic language and researchers in the field of comparative literature in general, and literature of resistance especially, In Sha’ALLAH.