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ام المومنین حضرت عائشہؓ

ام المومنین حضرت عائشہؓ
اعتراض نمبر۱۰۷
حضرت عائشہ ؓ کی عمر کے بارے میں کتب و احادیث میں چند ایسی روایات ہیں جن میں آپ کی عمر بوقت نکاح چھ سال اور رخصتی کے وقت نو سال کا ذکر ہے ۔ جس طرح بخاری شریف جلد نمبر ۳ کتاب النکاح ص ۹۴ پر یہ روایت ہے ’’ حضرت عائشہ ؓ فرماتی ہیں کہ نبی ﷺ نے نکاح کیا ان کے ساتھ جب وہ چھ سال کی تھیں اور داخل کی گئیں آپ ﷺ پر (زفاف کے لیے ) جب وہ نو سال کی تھیں اور نو سال تک آپ کے پاس رہیں ۔ ‘‘ (۲) سر ولیم میور لکھتا ہے کہ ’’آنحضرتﷺ سے شادی کے وقت سیدہ عائشہ ؓ کی عمر دس گیارہ برس سے زیادہ نہ تھی ۔‘‘
جواب: مستشرقین نے دو مو قعوں پر بی بی عائشہ ؓ کی عمر کو متنازعہ بنایا ہے ۔ اول جب آنحضرت ﷺ کی حضرت عائشہ ؓ سے نسبت طے ہوئی ۔ دوم :جب شادی انجام پذیر ہوئی ۔ بات تو ایک ہی ہے اگر نسبت کے وقت عمر کا درست تعین ہو جاتا تو آگے غلطی کا امکان نہ رہتا بات یہیں ختم نہیں ہوتی کیونکہ کئی مسلم مورخین نے بھی ٹھوکر کھائی ہے شائد انہیں سہو ہوا ہے یا بلا تحقیق لکھتے چلے گئے یہاں تک کہ چوٹی کے محدثین بھی اپنی کتب احادیث میں یو نہی نقل کرتے ہیں ۔ مثال کے طور پر بخاری شریف میں پانچ ،مسلم شریف میں چار ،اور ابو دائود میں ایک روایت ہے ۔ان روایات کو قبول کر کے مقدس و محترم ہستیوں کی شان میں گستاخی و بے ادبی کرتے رہے ۔ آئیے دیکھیں کہ حقیقت کیا ہے ؟۔
دلیل اول : امام بخاری کہتے ہیں جب قرآن کریم کی ۵۴ ویں سورہ القمر نازل ہوئی...

The Role of Values in Social Change: An Analysis from The Qur’ānic Perspective

In the post-industrial revolution world, social change is often studied and understood in the context of change in means of production, mobility, urbanization and change in the constitution of workforce. Role of ethical values is generally confined to personal conduct and manners. Industrial society is supposed to have its own work ethics which may or may not agree with personal ethics and morality. Ethics and morality are generally considered, in the Western thought, as a social construct. Therefore, with the change in means of production or political system, values and morality are also expected to be re-adjusted in order to cope with the changed environment. Sometimes a totally new set of values emerges as a consequence of the change in economic, political, or legal set up. The present research tries to understand the meaning and place of these values in a global socio-cultural framework. Relying essentially on the divine principles of the Qur'ān it makes an effort to understand relevance of these universal and ultimate principles with human conduct and behavior in society.  It indicates that essentially it is the core values, principles, or norms which guide human beings in their interpersonal, social, economic and political matters. Islam being a major civilizing force, culture, and the way of life, provides values which guide both in individual and social matters. The values given by the Qur’ān and the Sunnah are not monopoly of the Muslim. These values are universal and are relevant in a technological society.

بیسویں صدی میں خیبرپختونخوا میں اردو شاعری کا ارتقا

The aim of this research work is to give a critical appraisal of Urdu poetry in 20th century in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province. Urdu Ghazal started here in Mughal era and Urdu Nazam lately took importance. Urdu poetry is discussed in detail; prominent poets of KPK have also given much importance in this research work. It has been tried to bring all the changes and factors producing changes into light. A comparison also being made between old and new poets that how and to what extent their way of thinking and subjects vary. For this purpose this research work is divided into five chapters. First chapter is about the culture and geographical location of this province along with the introduction and a brief background of Urdu poetry before 20th century. Poets like Maazullah khan and Qasim Ali Khan have been discussed in detail whose contributions are second to none in this province. The second chapter is the study and analysis of the poetic evolution of pre-partition era. In this chapter the poets of early 20th century and their works have been discussed briefly. Poets like sa'en Ahmed Ali, Ghulam Hussain Misger, Aasi Sarhadi, Dilawar Khan Bedil, Jaffar Ali Jaffery, Barq Ganjavi, Qazi Muhammad Umar Qaza, Mir Waliullah Abbottabadi and Khalis Makki brought a revolution in the field of Ghazal and Nazam (poem). Third chapter of this thesis is the story of poetry and poets of this province emerged after partition till 1980.In this era a number of trends and changes appeared in Ghazal and poems of KPK. Farigh Bukhari, Raza Hamdani, Muhsin Ihsan, Ahmed Faraz, Qateel Shifaie, Khatir Ghaznavi, Yousaf Raja Chishti and Saeed Ahmed Akhtar were the leading poets of this era who brought positive changes in the genre of Ghazal and Nazam. They were the pioneers of Modern poetry in KPK. In this chapter importance has been given to the modern poetry of these poets. The fourth chapter is comprised of the study and evolution of poetry from 1980 to 2013.In the modern age most of the poets are composing Azad Nazams (free verses) along with Ghazal and Nazam. In this era the poetic scenario have been completely changed in this province.poets like Maqbool Aamir, Ghulam Muhammad Qasir, Ahmad Hussain Mujahid, Nishat Sarhadi, Akhtar Raza Saleemi, Ahmed Fawad Aasif Saqib and Bushra Farrukh have tremendous contribution in modern poetry of KPK.I have made a truthful analysis of these poets in this chapter. The last chapter is the overall analysis of the topic and suggestions are listed here for further research work and for the promotion of poetic trends in KPK.
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