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مولانا محمد ابوالقاسم سیفؔ بنارسی

مولانا محمد ابوالقاسم سیف بنارسی
افسوس ہے کہ گذشتہ مہینہ جماعتِ اہلحدیث کے مشہور و ممتاز عالم اور نامور مناظر مولانا محمد ابوالقاسم صاحب سیف بنارسی نے ۶۱ سال کی عمر میں انتقال کیا، مرحوم کی ساری عمر دین و علومِ دینیہ کی خدمت میں گذری، مدرسہ سعید یہ بنارس میں چالیس سال تک حدیثِ نبوی کا درس دیا، جوان کی سب سے بڑے فضیلت ہے، درس و تدریس کے ساتھ وعظ و تبلیغ اور تالیف و تصنیف کا شغل بھی تھا، لیکن ان کی بیشتر تصانیف مناظرانہ ہیں، آریوں، عیسائیوں اور قادیانیوں سے بڑے معرکہ کے مناظرے کئے، احناف سے بھی اس کی نوبت آجاتی تھی ادھر چند برسوں کے اندران پر فالج کے کئی ہلکے حملے ہوئے جس سے ان کی صحت بگڑ گئی تھی اس کے باوجود ان کے علمی و تعلیمی مشاغل جاری تھے ، کہ گذشتہ ۲۵؍ نومبر کو جمعہ کے دن پھر اچانک حملہ ہوا اور چند گھنٹوں کے اندر قال اللّٰہ وقال الرسول کی یہ آواز ہمیشہ کے لیے خاموش ہوگئی، مرحوم کے انتقال سے ہندوستان کے طبقہ علماء میں ایک ممتاز جگہ خالی ہوگئی، اللّٰھم اغفرہ مغفرۃً واسعۃً۔ (شاہ معین الدین ندوی، دسمبر ۱۹۴۹ء)

 

الإسلام وقوامة الرجل على المرأة

The paper discusses the rights and powers of men against their counterparts’ women in so many aspects of life, because it is the command of Almighty Allah, so the paper looks into some verses of the Holy Qur’an (Ayāt) and Prophetic traditions (Aḥadith) on the same matter and the causes for that powers. The paper highlighted the contemporary world’s perception of men’s rights and powers as well as Islamic perception and also misperception about the rights and powers of men against their wives. Finally, the paper discussed on the equality of rights and powers of both the parties in some occasions in light of Islamic legal injection to remove difficulties and bodings from the two spouses. The methodology used in the research work is both historical and empirical, based on secondary sources.

Pre and Post Harvest Treatment of Food Grade Chemicals to Improve Peach Fruit Quality and Shelf Life

Peach is the second most important stone fruit crop of Pakistan after apricot. Stone fruits are characteristically soft-fleshed, high in water contents thus highly perishable and they have a limited market life potential. Fruit quality is another important aspect which is desired by the consumers and high quality fruits give high economic returns. In Pakistan not much emphasis was given to develop methodologies to get high quality than quantity. Enhancement of the fruit quality like size, color, texture and nutrient contents to high level is only possible during the growth and development in pre-harvest phase, whereas, maintenance of the fruit quality for long time is possible with better postharvest management. Preharvest factors often interact in complex ways. Peaches are climacteric fruit and are harvested at mature stage before ripening. After harvest rapid ripening in peach fruit is responsible for short shelf life and represents a serious constraint for efficient handling and transportation for local as well as for distant markets. Ripening can be slowed down by cold storage. However, cold storage life of peach is frequently limited by chilling injury (CI) and losses in quality. Peach fruits after extended cold storage present symptoms of internal breakdown (IB). These symptoms are attributed to low calcium content. The search for alternative treatments that would maintain the fruit quality for longer period to transport the fruit to distant markets is the most important issue for peach industry. On the other hand, food safety is a major concern shared by consumers, industry and governments. The present study was aimed to investigate the possible effects of different concentrations of food grade chemicals like calcium chloride (1%, 2 % and 3%), putrescine (1mM, 2 mM and 3 mM) and salicylic Acid (1 mM, 2 mM and 3 mM) during fruit growth on tree 1 2 and after harvesting the fruit to improve fruit quality and to extend the storage potential of peach fruit. The fruit was stored for six weeks at 1 ± 1 ºC with 90-95 % relative humidity. Changes in fresh weight, color, ethylene synthesis, total soluble solids, fruit firmness, sugars, total antioxidants, enzymes, ascorbic acid (vitamin C) and membrane leakage as affected by different treatments were studied. In the first experiment (Pre-harvest treatments) CaCl2 (1 % ) and Put (2 mM) treatments increased fruit weight, fruit diameter, pulp: stone ratio and yield compared to control. All treatments resulted in higher fruit firmness, acidity and ascorbic acid contents than control at harvest. Higher calcium treatments proved toxic. When these fruits were placed in cold store, the results revealed that foliar application of Put (2 mM) significantly suppressed ethylene production during storage and prolonged storage life of peach fruit. The undesirable changes in fruit firmness, TA, SSC, and concentration of ascorbic acid in the fruit flesh, were significantly slowed down by Put treatments. Development of fruit color after harvest was significantly delayed by foliar applications of Put (2 mM). Higher antioxidant enzymes (SOD, CAT, POD) activity, free radical scavenging activity and sensory evaluation was also maintained by Put (2 mM) treatment. During the second experiment where no preharvest treatment was applied rather only postharvest effect of treatments was compared, CaCl2 (2 %) concentration was proved to be the most effective in marinating the quality till the end of the storage. From present work it can be referred that spraying calcium chloride and putrescine can be equally effective in improving yield and physicochemical characteristics of peach cv. „Flordaking‟. Furthermore, it can be concluded 3 that storability of „Flordaking‟ peaches can be extended by pre-harvest Put (2 mM) treatment. While the results of the second experiment suggest that CaCl2 (2 %) treatment can be successfully used if processors get fruit which was not treated during preharvest to maintain the quality of peach fruit during storage which can be effective in marketing it to the distant areas.
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