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باب سوم : خطہء سیالکوٹ نثری ادب

مولوی فیروز الدین ڈسکوی

مولوی فیروز الدین ڈسکوی(۱۸۶۴ء۔۱۹۰۷ء) کی شاعری کے ساتھ ساتھ نثری ادب میں بھی نمایاں خدمات ہیں۔نثر میں وہ بہترین سوانح نگاروں میں شامل ہیں۔ سوانح نگاری کی صنف باقی اصنافِ نثر کے مقابلے میں اپنے ماحول اور اس کے رحجانات کی عکاسی زیادہ بہتر انداز میں کرتی ہے۔ اُردو میں سوانح نگاری کا آغاز عہد سر سید سے ہوتا ہے۔ حالی کی ’’حیاتِ جاوید ‘‘ ،’’یادگارِ غالب‘‘ شبلی کی ’’سیرت النبیؐ ‘‘ اور ’’سیرت النعمان‘‘ میں سوانح نگاری کے قائم کردہ معیار کی پیروی ایک عرصے تک کی جاتی رہی۔ سرسید کا دور مذہبی مناظر ے اور بحث و مباحثے کا دور ہے لہٰذا اس دور کی سوانح عمریاں اپنے عہدکی عکاس ہیں۔
اس دور کے مشہور سوانح نگاروں میں : مرزا حیرت دہلوی، احمد حسن خان، عبدالحلیم شرر، منشی محمد الدین فوق، مولوی احمد دین ،احمد حسین الہٰ آباد ی ، مولوی ذکاء اﷲ ، سراجدین احمد ،نذیر احمد ،قاضی سلیمان ،عبدالرزاق کانپوری اور مولوی فیروز الدین ڈسکوی اہم ہیں۔
فضائل اسلام فی ذکر خیر الانام المعروف سیرت النبیؐ یا تاریخ نبویؐ مولوی فیروز الدین ڈسکوی کی پہلی باقاعدہ نثری تالیف ہے۔ اس کتاب کا پہلا ایڈیشن مفید عام پریس لاہور سے ۱۸۸۶ء میں شائع ہوا اور’’ نماز اور اس کی حقیقت‘‘ مولوی صاحب موصوف کی دوسری نثری تالیف ہے ۔یہ کتاب منشی فیض علی نے پنجاب پریس سیالکوٹ سے ۱۸۹۰ ء میں شائع کی۔ ’’تفسیر فیروزی پارہ اول‘‘ مولوی صاحب کی تیسری تصنیف ہے۔ یہ کتاب ۱۸۹۰ء میں سیالکوٹ مفید عام پریس سے شائع ہوئی۔ ’’تکذیب و ید‘‘ مولوی صاحب کی چوتھی تصنیف ۱۸۹۰ء میں پنجاب پریس سیالکوٹ سے شائع ہوئی۔ ’’تصدیق الا لہام‘‘ مولوی صاحب موصوف کی مناظراقی تصنیف ہے جو ۱۸۹۰ء میں پنجاب پریس سیالکوٹ سے طبع ہوئی۔’’ دعائے گنج العرش و تعویز گنج العرش‘‘ مولوی...

تشبہ کی حقیقت، اقسام اور احکام کا فقہاء کی آراء کی روشنی میں تحلیلی مطالعہ

Today, majority of the Muslims' lives have turned out to be colored with a similar shade of the western civilization in every sphere of life. We watch that the matter of imitation achieved its most exceedingly awful pinnacle. In this era of ecstasy, the imitation of infidels and penitence of the Sunnah is growing rapidly due to the fact that Muslims have made it their habit. A particular group considers it enlightenment and ideological freedom and feels ashamed to follow Islam and Sunnah. The main reason for this attitude is that Muslims are unaware of the disadvantages of the imitation of infidels. In this article, the nuisances and flaws of imitation have been discussed, so that the Muslims could know about its imperfections and follow the Qur’ān and Sunnah.

Possibilities and Challenges in Trying to Help Science Teachers Change Their Alternative Conceptions and Problem Areas of Inter-Conversion of Energy

Alternative conceptions of science teachers regarding different scientific concepts influences students understanding, and as a result teaching and learning processes in science remain unproductive. Traditional rote methods of teaching and learning are one of the factors which do not allow the teachers, as well as students, to bring about any change in alternative conceptions and understanding with regard to scientifically accepted knowledge. Many research studies in this area provide a baseline for finding out alternative conceptions and trying to bring the learners closer to the scientific points of view. This study was conducted with two teachers of a government school to find out the possibilities and challenges in trying to bring possible change in their alternative conceptions of inter-conversion of energy, which is an abstract scientific concept. Qualitative paradigm along with the design of action research was used, and were assumed to be helpful in describing the whole process of the study and providing a chance for professional development, both for the researcher and the sampled teachers accordingly. Selected activity cards, handouts and interviews were used to elicit ideas from the teachers. Discrepant events (DEs) along with the Predict-Explain-Observe-Explain (PEOE) strategies were used to challenge teachers' prior knowledge about the topic by providing them with the related materials to do the activities by themselves. Certain activities were also demonstrated to provide the teachers with a chance for observation and to obtain the feeling of the phenomenon. I found out that demonstration and discussion (at the same time) are useful strategies to bring teachers closer to the scientific point of view as it provided them with the chance to observe and reflect on the phenomenon Some of the alternative conceptions of sampled teachers were identified regarding potential energy, kinetic energy, mechanical energy, internal energy, and melting process as these conceptions were confused with each other. The problem areas of teachers' understanding as investigated, were about the phenomenon of dissipation and considering some' as all' as they responded shortly/incompletely. According to the tasks of the study, in different stages, I played different roles. For example, in the elicitation stage, I was a complete observer, interviewer and facilitator; in the intervention stage, I played the role of participant observer, demonstrator and facilitator; and in the evaluation stage. I was a facilitator and evaluator. Though there were logistical as well as procedural challenges faced during the study, the approaches used proved to be successful
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