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پر وفیسر محمد حبیب

پروفیسر محمد حبیب
پروفیسر محمد حبیب ہندوستان کی قرون وسطیٰ کی تاریخ کے نامور مورخ تھے، اس کے ماہر جانے جاتے تھے، پوری عمر مسلم یونیورسٹی سے وابستہ رہے، اور شعبہ تاریخ کی صدارت سے ریٹائر ہوئے، وہ صحیح معنوں میں طالب علم تھے، ان کی پوری زندگی تعلیم و تدریس اور تالیف و تصنیف میں گذری، اس کا ان کو ایسا چسکا تھا کہ ریٹائر ہونے کے بعد بھی مسلم یونیورسٹی کے طلبہ کی علمی و تعلیمی رہنمائی کرتے رہتے تھے، انہوں نے اسلامی ہندکی تاریخ پر سیکڑوں مضامین لکھے، لیکن اس کے بعض پہلووں کے متعلق ان کے خیالات دوسرے مسلمان مورخین سے مختلف تھے، اور اس میں اعتدال و توازن نہ تھا، جس کا نمونہ ان کی کتاب محمود غزنوی اور ڈاکٹر اطہر عباس رضوی کی کتاب کا مقدمہ ہے جس میں انہوں نے مصنف کو البیرونی، بوعلی سینا، خواجہ نظام الدین اولیاء اور شیخ عبدالحق محدث دہلوی کا ہم پایہ بنادیا ہے، لیکن اس سے ان کے علمی کمال میں فرق نہیں آتا، وہ علمی سیاست کے آدمی نہیں تھے، لیکن خیالات کے لحاظ سے پکے نیشنلسٹ سمجھے جاتے تھے، ان کی موت سے ایک نامور مسلمان مورخ اٹھ گیا، اﷲ تعالیٰ ان کی لغرشوں سے درگذر کرے، اور ان کی مغفرت فرمائے۔ (شاہ معین الدین ندوی، جولائی ۱۹۷۱ء)

Contemporary Curriculum Design for Higher Education: An Islamic Appraisal

Education is a key to developing positivity in human beings. It helps to become a good citizen. In Islam, education has a central role that every Muslim must seek. Islamic education is centered on the teaching of the Quran and the Sunnah of the Holy Prophet (PBUH). The Quran is revealed in Arabic, therefore sources of the teachings of Islam are in Arabic. It is the religious duty of the Muslim Ummah to learn Arabic and have command in it. The Quran is the only Book that provides complete guidance to humanity, whether the matters related to social life, economic matters, political issues, or religious life. Keeping this in view, the curriculum should also be prepared in the light of the teachings of the Quran and the Sunnah of the Holy Prophet (PBUH). Focusing on the contemporary curriculum design for Islamic studies for higher education, this paper describes the missing material in the existing curriculum and suggests that the use of modern resources, arranging conferences, and an expansive transformative framework for Islamic studies are the key tools for its implementation. It stresses the curricular designers to approach the existing curriculum more comprehensively which covers Islamic Law, comparative studies, contemporary trends in world traditions, peace dialogue, and practical involvement of students too. This goal can be gained through amendments or revising the existing curriculum. The outcome of it will results in students' critical thinking, positivity, comprehensive knowledge, language proficiency, and character building.

Scattering of a Plane Wave by a Rectanglar-Semi-Infinite Dielectric Slab and Dielectric Cylinder by Mode Matching

The dielectric slabs, dielectric wedges and dielectric rectangular cylinders represent a significant set of structures used in many practical systems. The parameters of interest include field configuration (modes) that can be propagated and scattered by such structures. It is known that power carried by these structures depends upon the constitutive parameters of the medium and the geometry of the structure. The studies carried out so far on the topic of propagation and scattering for these structures is generally due to the slab with very small thickness compared to the wavelength. The approximation solution for the thick dielectric slab is not readily available. The reason is the complexity of the problems. The solutions of these problems result into complicated mathematical formulae which require efficient computational skill which was not available until the advent of fast computers. A solution for the two-dimensional diffraction problem of plane electromagnetic waves by a thick dielectric slab is investigated thoroughly using Mode Matching (MM) technique, which is considered to be straightforward and understandable, in conjunction with the Method of Moment (MoM) considering transverse electric polarizations (TE) parallel to the edge of the considered structure. To start with, the fields in all regions are expanded in terms of mix spectrum of guided and radiated modes. In the free space, a continuous radiation mode expansion is used. The guided modes are finite in number while there are infinite number of radiation modes. The condition for guided modes in the dielectric slab dictates eigenvalue equation. Only those eigenvalues are retained which satisfy valid conditions of the problem. That is, the power is propagated within the slab and and decay exponentially in the free space. Then Mode Matching technique is applied, incorporating the orthogonal properties of the mixed spectrum of the modes in order to separate the guided and radiation components of the field. The discretization of radiation mode spectrum is achieved leading to the numerically stable solution provided a sufficiently large number of points to convert the integral into finite summation. Method of Moment is employed to determine the reflection coefficients for free space radiation modes. Consequently mode amplitudes of all the even guided, odd guided and radiation modes are determined. The scattered far field is evaluated by the saddle point method. A numerical solution of this system is obtained, propagated and scattered powers are evaluated in all regions, which includes the dielectric and free space regions, for various values of incident angles and slab thickness. The same method and sequence is employed for the other dielectric structures like wedge and rectangular cylinder.
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