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الفصل الأول: أشعار نازك الملائكة وبروين شاکر(المتشابهة)

الفصل الأول: أشعار نازك الملائكة وبروين شاکر(المتشابهة)

 سأتناول في ھذا الفصل بعض أشعار نازك الملائکۃ وبروین شاکر ثم سأتحدث عن المتشابھات في بعض أبیاتھما بشکل أجمالي، واتضح لي من خلال عملي ھذا أن ھناک متشابھات فیما بینھما (نازك الملائکۃ وبروین شاکر) مع أن واحدۃ منهما عربیۃ والثانیۃ غیر عربیۃ، فمن خلال بحثي استنتجت بأنھما من الشاعرات الجدیدات لذلك ھُناک تشابہ في عصرھما وأحوالھما السیاسیۃ والدینیۃ والعلمیۃ والإجتماعیۃ وجمیع ھذہ المؤثرات لھا الدور الکبیر في تکوین الأفکار والأسالیب المتشابھة مع بعضھما البعض وأنھما من مشجعي الشعر الحر وصدق التعبیر لہ الید الأکبر في إیضاح أفکارھما وإیصال المعنیٰ الصحیح إلی القاريء أو السامع۔

 وقد أخذت قصیدۃ من نازک الملائکۃ وقصیدۃ من بروین شاکر وقمت بمقارنتھما، ووضعت أسماء من خیالي لکل قصیدتین (قصیدۃ لنازك الملائکۃ وقصیدۃ لبروین شاکر) وھکذا۔

جدول القصائد المتشابهة

اسم قصیدۃ بروین شاکر أو بیت من غزلھا

اسم قصیدۃ نازك الملائکۃ

الإسم الخیالي

المبحث

کیسی بے چہرہ رُتیں آئیں وطن میں اب کے

اسلامی نقطہ نظر سے ماحولیاتی نظام کی پائیدار ترقی: ایک تحقیقی مطالعہ

In globalization and information age, Sustainable development is a contemporary issue to protect future generations. Islam is not only a religion, but also a guideline for whole life and is based on divine principles of Shari‘a that also address sustainable development to mankind. Indeed many values and principles that have been central to Islam are inclined towards prosperity of people and development of society. On other hand Industrial revolution brought a huge destruction on the earth because in capitalist system people are self concerned rather than society. Islamic social responsibility teaches lesson of unity and called a mankind an ummah (community) and a moderate ummah, who is not allowed to make any mischief on the earth. Everything on the earth is gifted by Allah to the mankind and man is the deputy of Allah and become a steward (khal┘fah) for the earth, now it is his responsibility to save the world from any harm. The main objective of this research is to present the principles and applications of Islam in sustainable development debate especially on ecological aspect.

Phytoremediation Potential of Quinoa in Heavy Metal Contaminated Soils

Agriculture is badly affected by heavy metals toxicity. To reduce the hazardous effects of metals, it needs remediation methods which are energy efficient, economically viable and environment friendly like “phytoremediation”. Some crops having potential to extract metals ions from soils without much polluting the edible part. Quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa willd), a pseudo cereal, being a facultative halophyte has the ability to survive under the metal contaminated soil. The research has been carried out in agro ecological conditions of Faisalabad comprised of two experiments i.e. (i) Screening of quinoa lines for heavy metal extraction(ii) Evaluation of the growth and yield of quinoa lines under heavy metals contaminated soil. Experiment I was conducted in net house, department of Agronomy, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad during 2013-14. While Experiment II was carried out at two different fields of problem soils at (Chakera Farm (UAF) and Chakera village) and normal soil at Agronomy Research Area Farm, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad. Contaminated soils were selected on the base of soil analysis. Data regarding growth, morphological, biochemical, yield and nutritional aspects were recorded using standard procedures. All quinoa lines survived at 50 and 100 mg/kg and produced seeds. Results showed that translocation of heavy metals increased from root to shoot with increase in soil metal concentration in all lines with trend A2>A1>A7>A9, however A2 line was most hyper accumulator in leaf as compared to root. In 2nd experiment, four quinoa lines were allowed to grow in three fields under RCBD split plot arrangement. Maximum seed yield (4100 kg ha-1) was obtained by A7 which was statistically similar to A2 line (3648 kg ha-1) obtained from Chakera Farm (UAF) having sewage water application. While low yield was obtained from A9 (1482 kg ha-1) at normal soil (control). Both A7 and A2 lines exhibited higher biomass and seed yield at three fields. Both fields having sewage water application resulted higher growth and superb seed yield of quinoa lines as compared to control. Higher level of antioxidants, proline, carotenoids and phenolic content of A7 and A2 helped to withstand metal stress and might be cause of high yield under both normal and metal contaminated fields. Seed quality was substantially affected by heavy metal concentration in both contaminated fields. Metals concentration determined in seed samples of A7 was high as compared to A2. Hence A2 may be said as nutritionally superior quinoa line as metals levels were within permissible level set by FAO/WHO.
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