Search from the Journals, Articles, and Headings
Advanced Search (Beta)
Loading...
Loading...
Loading...
Loading...
Loading...
Loading...

تقلیدِ مصطفیٰ ؐ میں اگر سر نہیں گیا


تقلیدِ مُصطفیٰؐ میں اگر سر نہیں گیا
سجدہ اجابتوں کے سفر پر نہیں گیا

اُس کو رہِ حیات میں منزل نہ مل سکی
جو راہِ مصطفی سے گزر کر نہیں گیا

جیسے خدائے پاک کا ثانی کہیں نہیں
نبیوںؑ میں کوئی تیرےؐ برابر نہیں گیا

محشر کے روز بجھ نہ سکی اُس کی تشنگی
لے کر جو پیاس جانبِ کوثر نہیں گیا

تنہا گئے ہیں صاحبِ معراجؐ سوئے عرش
جبریلؑ کا جہاں پر شہپر نہیں گیا

مجھ کو عطا وہؐ کرتے گئے آرزوئے شوق
جب تک کہ میرا کاسۂ دل بھر نہیں گیا

عرفانؔ! جس کو مل گئی خیرالوریٰؐ سے خیر
وہ بھیک مانگنے کبھی در در نہیں گیا

Water Sharing Conflicts and Management in the Indus River Basin

Sharing water resources within country and amongst transborder countries often create conflict because of increasing demand of fresh water for their domestic, industrial and agricultural sectors due to growing population and increasing economic activities. As a result, every country is interested to build more water storages like dams and barrages to safeguard their water requirements in the lean periods or to protect their areas during flood period. Therefore, a transboundary conflict amongst riparian countries on water sharing is obvious facts which are resolved either through bilateral dialogue or by involving international arbitrators. Similarly, a conflict of water sharing within a country has also been serious issue particularly during drought and lean period resulting political conflicts and obstacles in construction of dams and reservoirs. Pakistan is country of 207 million populations, the sixth of the most populated country of the world has been facing transboundary water sharing conflict with India while within a country inter provinces mistrust over water distribution has created reservation over the construction of new water storages. Pakistan has two agreements which provide legal framework for water distribution and management. Indus Water Treaty is an international agreement signed in 1960 between India and Pakistan and other is national agreement amongst the provinces called Indus water accord signed in 1991 by province. Despite several reservations and hostile territorial conflicts between India and Pakistan the Indus water treaty has been successfully functioning in managing water distribution of Indus River and its eastern tributaries originate from Indian occupied Kashmir. Similarly, Indus water accord 1991 provides a mechanism to resolve water sharing conflicts amongst provinces.

Damage Quantification Using Dynamic Response of a Structure in Conjunction With Thermal Loading

In structures or machine components, fatigue failure is very common. It is initiated by a small defect which leads it to a catastrophic failure. The material defects, inclusion, impurities and machine operation can always be vulnerable to crack initiation and hence fatigue cannot be avoided. In metallic structures, the thermal loads can also alter the material properties such as young’s modulus, tangent modulus, yield stress, and ultimate tensile strength, etc. Consequently, in the presence of increasing temperature, it can be inferred that the material might become soft near the vicinity of the crack tip, which can lead to increase the size of the plastic zone under the same mechanical loads. Therefore, it is very complicated to estimate the retardation or acceleration of fatigue crack propagation under thermo-mechanical loads. This research investigates the interdependencies of crack depth and crack location on the dynamic response of a non-prismatic cantilever beam under thermo-mechanical loads. Temperature can influence the stiffness of the structure, thus, the change in stiffness can lead to variation in frequency, damping and amplitude response. These variations are used as key parameters to quantify damage of Aluminum 2024 specimen under thermo-mechanical loads. Experiments are performed on non-prismatic cantilever beams at non-heating (room temperature) and elevated temperature, i.e., 50°C, 100°C, 150°C and 200°C. This study considers a non-prismatic cantilever beam having various initially seeded crack depth (0.5 mm to 2.5 mm) and crack of 0.5 mm with natural propagation under load located at various locations, i.e., 5%, 10% and 15% of the total length from fixed end, respectively. The analytical, numerical and experimental results for all configurations are found in good agreement. Using available experimental data, a novel tool is formulated for in-situ damage assessment in the metallic structures for the first time under thermo-mechanical loads. This tool can quantify and locate damage using the dynamic response and temperature including the diagnosis of subsurface cracking. It fits around 82% of available data for validation within 10% of prediction error against a small change in the response parameter. The obtained results demonstrate the possibility to diagnose the crack growth at any instant within the operational condition under thermo-mechanical loads.
Asian Research Index Whatsapp Chanel
Asian Research Index Whatsapp Chanel

Join our Whatsapp Channel to get regular updates.