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غربت و افلاس جبری مشقت اور تشدد

غربت و افلاس، جبری مشقت اور تشدد

                ایک ان پڑھ اور غریب معاشرہ کبھی بھی ترقی کی منازل طے نہیں کر سکتا۔اسی وجہ سے بڑھتی ہوئی روز بروزسماجی تفریق اور غربت معاشرے میں ناسور کی شکل اختیارکرتی جا رہی ہے۔ معاشرے کا ایک طبقہ اگر زندگی کی ضروریات کو پورا کرنے سے محروم رہتا ہے تو غربت کسی بھی معاشرے میں اس سماجی تقسیم کا نام ہے جس میں  ایک گروہ خوب ترقی کی منزلیں طے کرے تو دوسری طرف دوسرا گروہ مسلسل غربت و افلاس سے تنگ و تاریک زندگی گزارنے پر مجبورہو۔ کیونکہ اختیارات رکھنے والے کبھی بھی تنگ و تاریک زندگی گزارنے والے سفید پوش لوگوں کو ان کا حق نہیں دیں گے۔لوٹ کا بازار ایسا گرم ہے کہ مردہ ضمیر لوگ یہ بھول بیٹھے ہیں کہ ایک نوالہ ان کے لیے وجہ رحمت بن سکتا ہے۔غربت کی اسی رفتار کو ماپتے ہوئے کہا جا سکتا ہے کہ نوجوان نسل اور بچے اس غربت کا شکار ہو رہے ہیں۔بھوک سے تنگ انسان خوشحال و مطمئن زندگی نہیں گزار سکتا، وہ محروم ہے ہر اس پل سے جسے وہ سوچ کر خوش بھی نہیں ہو سکتا۔ انہوں نے بھی اس درد کو محسوس کیا اور ناول نو لکھی کوٹھی میں اس کو اپنا موضوع بنایا۔

مولوی کرامت کا گھرانہ جو پچھلے تیس سال سے چھوٹے سے گاؤں میں رہتا تھا۔گاؤں کی آبادی سو پچاس گھروں پر مشتمل تھی۔مولوی کا دادا بھی جب اس گاؤں میں آیا تو گدا گری اور چندے سے کام چلاتا تھا۔تب گاؤ ں کی مسجد خالی پڑی تھی۔اس نے ادھر ہی گڈری جما لی اور نماز پڑھنے لگا۔ شروع شروع میں لوگ غربت کو مدنظر رکھتے ہوئیترس کھا کر روٹی دے دیتے تھے۔دیکھا دیکھی گاؤں کے کچھ لوگوں نے اس کے پیچھے نماز...

تفسیر‘‘محاسن التاویل’’ میں جلال الدین قاسمی کے منہج کا تحقیقی مطالعہ

Brought up in the context of a very critical time of Islamic history, Imām Muḥammad Jalāl’uddīn Qāsimī (1866-1914) played a vital role to reform and purify the ongoing mindset of the Muslims in Syria in his time. He was a man believed in an independent thinking in the light of the Qur’ān and Sunnah. He taught the people to get rid of the backwardness and blind imitation (Taqlīd). For this purpose of his, he presented the works of the previous leading Islamic Scholars as they were. He was expert in various fields of knowledge like Qur’ān, Ḥadīth and their Sciences, Jurisprudence, Dialectic, etc. One of his masterpieces is his exegesis known as “Maḥāsin al-Tāwīl”. It is a great exegetical work; as most of the exegetical aspects are entertained in it. It has nine or seventeen volumes according to its two different editions, including a whole volume of preamble containing eleven Rules of Quranic Sciences. Although the critics object to his copying the long paragraphs of the prominent Islamic Scholars without commenting or editing and on his long discussions that deviate the reader from the actual purpose of the Holy Qur’ān, but to present the material in this way for the purpose of reformations of Muslims and to bring them back to the way of Salaf through their words, in that crucial time, justifies the significance of the work. In this article, the author probes to present the mythology adopted by Imām Qāsimī in his exegesis and its scholarly merits.

New Bioactive Homoleptic and Heteroleptic Cu Ii Carboxylates

There is a dire need in modern era of scientific research, to discover new metal based drugs with higher activity and selectivity to cope with the impending challenges in treating diseases like diabetes, alzheimer and cancer. In this regard, metal complexes derived from biologically essential metal like copper with strong history of biological activities are exciting candidates to be considered. This thesis reports the synthesis, characterization and biological activities of five series of homoleptic and heteroleptic Cu(II) complexes (5×7=35). Different derivatives of phenylacetic acids (2-chloro, 3- chloro, 2-methyl-3-nitro, 2-methoxy and 2-bromo) were reacted in aqueous medium with the metal salt CuSO4.5H2O to yield five (1-5) new homoleptic metal complexes. Further, reacting these complexes with pyridine based compounds (Pyridine, 1,10- phenenthroline, 2,2’-bipyridine, 2-chloropyridine, 2-bromo-pyridine, 3-methylpyridine) generated five series of new heteroleptic metal complexes. A total of twenty crystal structures were determined throughout this work by single crystal XRD analysis. The multi binding mode of phenylacetic acids used in the study gave rise to different molecular arrangements ranging from monomer to dimer, oxygen bridged or paddlewheel conformations. In almost all crystal lattices distorted square pyramidal geometry was found around the metal center. The DNA binding ability of the synthesized complexes was tested through UV-visible spectroscopy and the binding constant (Kb) was calculated for each complex along with ΔG values. Results of the study suggested that all these complexes bind with Salmon-sperm DNA through a mixed binding mode both intercalative and groove binding. In order to evaluate the other therapeutic applications of the complexes, an in-vitro enzyme inhibition assay was performed. The enzyme inhibition potential was tested for two classes of enzymes, α-glucosidases and anticholinesterases which are considered for diabetes and Alzheimer, respectively in humans with acarbose and galantaminehydrobromide as control. Their enzyme inhibition abilities were further correlated with the structural features of the synthesized complexes. All data suggested that such complexes could provide a potential solid foundation in future for designing Cu-based drugs to treat type (II) diabetes and Alzheimer disease.
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