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کاش احکام حضورؐ آپ کے صادر ہوتے

کاش احکام حضورؐ آپؐ کے صادر ہوتے
اشک آنکھوں میں لیے ہم بھی تو حاضر ہوتے

گنبدِ خضرا کو آنکھوں میں بسائے ہم بھی
راہِ طیبہ کے جنوں خیز مسافر ہوتے

تشنگی رُوح و دل و چشم کی بجھتی رہتی
بس مضافاتِ مدینہ کے مناظر ہوتے

ہم پہنچ جاتے مدینے کی فضا میں اکثر
خوش نصیب اتنے کہاں ہم تھے کہ طائر ہوتے

آپؐ اُن کو بھی تو سینے سے لگا لیتے تھے
آپؐ کے سامنے آنے سے جو قاصر ہوتے

اپنا ہر شعر کسی نعت میں ڈھلتا عابدؔ
کاش اِ س پائے کے ، اِس شان کے شاعر ہوتے

Examining the Issue of Identity in Ayisha Malik’s Novel “Sofia Khan is Not Obliged” Through Homi K. Bhabha’s Concepts of ‘Hybridity, Ambivalence and Mimicry’

This paper studies Ayisha Malik’s Sofia Khan is not obliged from postcolonial perspective. The paper studies the novel from the view of the discourse presented by Homi K. Bhabha. The novel was published in 2015. The story revolves around a girl of Muslim ethnicity from Pakistan named Sofia Khan. She is living in London and is working there in a publishing company. The story is about the adventures of protagonist; her experiences and views the London from her perspective. The paper analyzes the characters and the main events from the research method of textual analysis. The study finds that the concept proposed by Bhabha, very much plays an operative role (viable role) on the British-Muslim- characters in their attempt to assimilate into their Host/Home country. It concludes that how these Muslim characters locate agency in the “in between space” within the process of mimicry and negotiate their identity in their effort to assimilate in colonizer’s space.

Molecular Characterization of Pathogens Associated With Citrus Gummosis Form Major Citrus Growing Areas of Punjab

The worldwide increase of citrus cultivation has contributed a lot in the emergence of various diseases. Gummosis is one of the most important disease of citrus caused by several species of Botryosphaeriacae most prominent Lasiodiplodia spp. along with some other species of genus Phytophthora and Fusarium. The objective of this study was the molecular identification and characterization of pathogens associated with citrus gummosis from major citrus growing areas of Punjab, Pakistan. This study included collection of diseased samples followed by isolation, morphological identification, molecular characterization, pathogenicity and virulence comparison of associated fungal pathogens. To identify the causal pathogens of citrus gummosis, symptomatic diseased bark tissues were collected from thirty localities of five major citrus production areas of Punjab. Lasiodiplodia spp. (Lasiodiplodia pseudotheobromae, Lasiodiplodia theobromae) Fusarium spp. (Fusarium equiseti, Fusarium solani, Fusarium lateritium, Fusarium proliferatum) were isolated from diseased samples. Preliminary identification of isolated fungi was based on morphological and cultural characters. For molecular identification and characterization nucleotide sequences of the ITS region (ITS1-5.8S-ITS2) and partial sequence of the β-tubulin gene was targeted. Pathogenicity analysis of all the isolated species were performed on Citrus jambhiri cultivar which is commonly used rootstock in Punjab. L. pseudotheobromae and L. theobromae both produced typical symptoms of citrus gummosis. L. pseudotheobromae found more virulent than L. theobromae. These findings confirm that L. pseudotheobromae and L. theobromae are primary cause of citrus gummosis in Punjab, Pakistan. Fusarium species failed to produce any symptoms. Fusarium spp. has no role in disease development however it could be a secondary invader or saprophytic. Although association of different species of Phytophthora genus with this disease is reported from different parts of the world but it was not successfully isolated after numerous recommended attempts. This study provides new information for future studies of disease management, quarantine programs and especially the development of resistant varieties against citrus gummosis.
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