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فرخندہ رضوی ۔۔۔ایک تعارف

فرخندہ رضوی۔۔۔ ایک تعارف
شاعری خوشبو ہے۔شاعری مہک ہے۔ شاعری دل ناز کا ترانہ ہے۔ شاعری جذبات و احساسات اور تخیل کو لفظی پہناوا پہنا کر پیش کرنے کا نام ہے۔ شاعری ایسے طلسم کدے کا نام ہے جو زمان ومکان کی قیود سے آزاد ہوتی ہے۔ شاعری محبت کا دوسرا نام ہے شاعری جذبات کے ریلے میں بہہ جانے کا نام ہے یہ سفر رواں دواں ہے اور ہمیشہ جاری و ساری رہے گا۔
شاعری کے کئی روپ ہیں کبھی یہ غزل اور کبھی نظم کی صورت میں جلوہ گر ہوتی ہے۔ کہیں رباعی اور کہیں قصیدہ کے پہناوے میں سامنے آتی ہے۔ کبھی شعلہ بن کر اور کبھی شبنم میں ڈھل کر جلوہ نما ہوتی ہے۔ کہیں عشق و محبت کے راگ الاپتی نظر آتی ہے تو کبھی آنسوؤں کی بے بس مورت کا روپ دھار لیتی ہے۔ کہیں یہ سہمی ہوئی گھٹی چیخ توکبھی انالحق کا نعرہ بن جاتی ہے تو کبھی باضابطہ مقصدِ زندگی کا اظہار بن جاتی ہے۔
موثر اور میعاری شاعری معاشرے پر گہرے مثبت اثرات مرتب کرتی ہے ہے کسی بھی شاعر کی زندگی اس کی شاعری پر کسی نہ کسی حوالے سے ضرور اثرانداز ہوتی ہے۔ شاعر اپنی زندگی کے حالات و واقعات اور اردگرد کے ماحول سے جو کچھ حاصل کرتا ہے۔ وہی سوچیں شاعری کی بنیاد بن کر سامنے آتی ہیں۔ شاعر کے خیالات اور سوچ و بچار پر سماج،گھریلو حالات، اپنوں کے رویے، خوشی اور غم،عشق و محبت، حاصل زیست اور محرومی کے اثرات کا واضح اثر ہوتا ہے۔
جہاں تک غزل اور نظم کے معیار کی بات ہے تو اس میں اسلوب اور تخیل بہت اہمیت کے حامل ہیں۔ اس حقیقت سے کوئی انکار نہیں کرسکتا کہ شعری تخلیق کے لئے خیال ہی بنیاد ہے۔ اس حوالے سے شعر لکھنے کے لیے نہیں بلکہ شعر...

Terrorism and its Elimination an Islamic Perspective

Islām is a religion of peace and it gives great importance to peace. Islamic teachings and laws are meant to create and maintain peace in the human society. But, unfortunately, Islām has been targeted as a source of terrorism, today. In this article, the author tries to defend Islām and differentiate between Jihād and terrorism. The word terrorism needs to be seen in its historical perspective. Different definitions of terrorism have been presented, but still it is an ambiguous term. In this paper, the author tries to define terrorism in the Islamic perspective. This paper discusses the points given below: m The concept of terrorism, its manifestations and types. M Encountering and prevention of terrorism from Islamic perspective. M Islām and the global brotherhood. M The punishment of terrorism. M The religious viewpoint against a cruel government. M The peaceful struggle against cruelty and injustice. Also, the difference between terrorism and jihad has been clarified. The rules and regulations of Jihād make it clear that it has nothing to do with terrorism, which is an unruly activity. A Muslim is supposed to be a peaceful citizen, who can never indulge in any act of terrorism. The rebellion against the rulers has also been discussed to draw the conclusion that it is not allowed except against the blatant kufr. The objectives of the Islamic punishments indicate the Islamic approach to minimize terrorism in the human society.

Urdu Ghazal Main Hijrat Ka Tajurba

Migration is a multidimensional area but my topic is the effects of migration on poetry pertaining to the migration of the selected poets. This dissertation consists of the following five chapters. Chapter one, "Migration: Historical perspective and its effects on literature" demonstrates the meaning and definitions of migration, its need and importance as described in the diction, in the Holy Quran and in Hadith (Narration). Among the possible types of migration, the different migrations include migrations of the Prophets of Allah e.g. of the Prophet Noah, Abraham, the Christ, Moses and the Prophet Joseph. In the same way, the migration in the beginning of Islam like migration to Abyssinia and Madinah. After that, the migrations caused by the wars, calamities and other migrations of the human history; later on the after the partition of India and the Russian attack on Afghanistan resulting in migration whereas, in the current situation, the migration from Syria to Europe have also been analyzed. Chapter Two "The experience of migration in the classical Ghazel" discusses the migration from Wali from Dakkan (Wali Dakkani) upto the migration of the poets from Delhi during the war in 1857; discussing the classical poets who migrated during this period and how did they describe this experience in their Ghazels. This includes Mir, Sauda, Qaim, Mir Hassan, Jurra''t and Majrooh. The work of these poets has been discussed temporally. Third chapter "The depiction of migration in the modern Urdu Ghazel" has further been divided into three sub headings. The first part deals with the portrayal of migration in the poetry of the migrated poets before the partition of India, the second part discusses the Ghazels of the migrated poet after the partition of India whereas the third part consists of the discussion on the poetry of the native (who are not migrated) poet. In this way, the chapter deals with the analysis of the works of the poets who migrated prior to the partition including Sufi Tabassum, Akhter Shirani, Ehsan Danish and others. Afterwards, the poetry has been discussed of the poets who migrated during the partition of India. This section includes Taluk Chend Mehrum Hafeez Jalandhari, Josh Malihabadi, Juggan Nath Azad, Habib Jalib, Jaun Elia, Saba Akbarabadi, Tabish Dehlvi, Hafeez Hoshyarpuri, Anjum Rumani, Munir Niazi, Zia Jalandhari, Arif Abdulmateen, Ada Jafferi, Nasir Kazmi, Jamil Uddin Aali, Shehzad Ahmed, Himayat Ali Sha''ir, Ibne Insha, Sirshar Siddiqui, Saleem Ahmed, Risaa Chughtai, Mustafa Zaidi, Mohsin Bhopali, Muzzafar Warsi, Ather Nafees, Kishwar Naheed, Fehmeeda Riaz, and others. The works of these poets have been analyzed with reference to migration. In the third part, the description of migration has been discussed int eh poets works of the native poets including Firaq, Faiz, Nadeem, Qateel, Shohrat Bukhari, Ahmed Faraz, Zafar Iqbal, Isra Ulhaq Maffaz and Ali Sardear Jaffery. In the fourth chapter titled, "The Poets who migrated abroad" the poetic works of the modern poets who have settled poutside Pakistan. This section includes the Zhazels of Ahmed mushtaq, Basir Sultan Kazmi, Latif Kalim, Ashfaq Hussain,Hassan Javed, Dr. Yousaf Qamar, Saqi Farooqi, Aasi Kashmiri, Jamil Urrehman, Mansoor Afaq, Naseem Syed, Irfan Aziz, Muhammad Mumtaz Rashid, Tasnim Abidi, Nazir Qamar and Saira Batool. These are the poets who; while living abroad; have depicted their love for country, the problems of migrated and the loneliness of the self in their poetry and enriched the Urdu Ghazel with their artistic description of the pangs of migration as the subject of their poetry. The fifth chapter, "holistic analysis" the fidings of the research have been presented. In the end, the list of the "bibliography" and "references" has been enlisted that have been during the completion of this research.
Asian Research Index Whatsapp Chanel
Asian Research Index Whatsapp Chanel

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