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مولانا ضیاء الدین اصلاحی

آہ! مولانا ضیاء الدین اصلاحی ؒ
دارالمصنفین کے ناظم اور معارف کے مدیر جناب مولانا ضیاء الدین اصلاحی ۲؍ فروری ۲۰۰۸؁ء کی صبح کو اپنے خالق حقیقی کے حضور پہنچ کر اس کی رحمت سے جاملے لیکن اپنے پیچھے دارالمصنفین کے ہر فرد بلکہ در و دیوار کو روتا، بلکتا چھوڑ گئے، شبلی و سلیمان کا یہ گلشن ویرانی کی تصویر بن گیا، اس جہاں علم و دانش کی روح بھی جیسے ان کی موت کے ساتھ رخصت ہوگئی اور سچ یہ ہے کہ علامہ شبلیؒ، مولانا سید سلیمان ندویؒ، مولانا شاہ معین الدین ندویؒ اور سید صباح الدین عبدالرحمانؒ کی قابل فخر روایات کی مسند اور بزم جس شمع سے روشن تھی، ایک حادثے نے اس کو گل کردیا، اِنا ﷲ وَاِنا اِلیہ رَاجِعونْ۔
مولانا اصلاحی ۳؍ جنوری کو سفر حج سے واپس آئے تھے اور بالکل چاق چوبند اور صحت مند تھے، یکم فروری کو وہ اپنی اہلیہ کے ہمراہ ایک عزیز سے ملنے کے لئے سرائے میر کے قریب موضع کھریواں کے لئے قریب ساڑھے نو بجے صبح روانہ ہوئے، جمعہ کا دن تھا، خطبہ اور نماز پڑھانے کے لئے مجھے تاکید فرمائی، عین نماز جمعہ سے پہلے یہ خبر ملی کہ ان کی جیپ حادثہ کا شکار ہوگئی ہے اور وہ صدر اسپتال میں زخمی حالت میں لائے گئے ہیں، نماز کے فوراً بعد ان کے تمام متعلقین اسپتال پہنچے، وہ سراپا زخمی تھے، ان کی اہلیہ بھی زخمی تھیں، لیکن ہوش میں تھیں، مشورے کے بعد وہ ایک مقامی سرجن ڈاکٹر فرقان کے ہسپتال میں لائے گئے، خون بہت زیادہ نکل چکا تھا، خون دیا گیا اور پھر مناسب سمجھا گیا کہ ان کو فوراً بنارس کے بی ایچ یو ہسپتال میں منتقل کیا جائے، وہاں کچھ ضروری ٹسٹ ہوئے، دوائیں بھی دی گئیں لیکن افاقے کے آثار نہیں تھے، صبح کا...

الحرية الدينية فى الاسلام

ALLAH has created the mankind as a rational being. He created mankind and Jinns for His worship and He sent mankind upon Earth so that they inhabit it with the complicated tangle of faithfulness in God and yet do the worldly deeds. He will hold accountable each individual for what he did. This test would not remain valid if not accompanied with necessary freedom of action and belief. Freedom is actually bestowed upon mankind by God Himself and it will be totally wrong to maintain it as a modern achievement that came after western, or any other enlightenment. It is not that a human or a group of them or any constitution or charter can truly give or grant freedom. Most important of all this is freedom of Religion. There is no compulsion in Religion, 2: 256. The early Muslims remained steadfast to this principle in all of their Ghazvat and they granted freedom of religious belief to their subjects. Religious sites and houses of worship were safeguarded against any harm. Islam and religious freedom are not put together. The following article will examine the Issue of Freedom of Religion in Islam and will try to remove misunderstandings regarding the issue.

Transition Metal Doped Zns Based Photoactive Nanohybrid Material: Synthesis, Characterization and Applications in Hybrid Solar Cell

The thesis is divided into three chapters. Chapter 1 presents the background and surveys the current literature and also describes the principles behind the operation of PV devices. Chapter 2 presents the research methods and measurement techniques used in the study. Chapter 3 describes results and discussion and has six different sections. The first section comprises of the synthesis of zinc sulphide (ZnS) and Cd-doped ZnS nanoparticles, Zn1-xCdxS (x= 0.2-0.5), by wet chemical method. Optical, electrical and photovoltaic properties of the nanoparticles were investigated. A significant bathochromic shift of absorption band with respect to the un-doped zinc sulphide was noticed by increasing the cadmium concentration in the doped samples. Consequently, the band gap was tuned into the visible region. XRD analysis showed that the material existed in cubic crystalline state. The conductivity of the doped material, though progressively increasing step by step, was found lower than un-doped ZnS at cadmium contents ranging from 0.2 to 0.4 M but at the highest dopant concentration (Cd, 0.5 M) the conductivity attained a value higher than undoped ZnS by 1.21 × 10-5 Ω-1m-1. The overall % ɳ of the solar cell at 0.5 M Cd content in doped ZnS nanoparticles was found to be 2.33 times higher than the reference device (P3HT-ZnS) (Paper published in Journal of Photochemistry and Photobiology A: Chemistry). The second section describes the influence of dopant concentration on structural, optical and photovoltaic properties of Cu-doped ZnS nanocrystals. A significant blue shift of absorption band with respect to the un-doped zinc sulphide was sighted by increasing the Cu concentration in the doped sample with decreasing the size of nanoparticles. The synthesized nanomaterial in combination with P3HT, poly (3-hexyl thiophene) was worked in the fabrication of solar cells. The overall power conversion efficiency of the solar cell at 0.1 M Cu content in doped ZnS nanoparticles was found to be 1.6 times higher than the reference device (P3HT-ZnS), (Paper published in European Physical Journal Applied Physics). XXIV Furthermore, the third section depicts the synthesis, characterization and photovoltaic performance of Mn-doped ZnS nanocrystals. The PL emission centered at 596 nm is the characteristics emission of Mn2+ which can be attributed to a 4T1→6A1 transition within the 3d shell. The devices with ZnS nanocrystals showed an efficiency of 0.48% without annealing and 0.52% with annealing. By doping with manganese, the efficiency was enhanced by a factor of 0.52 without annealing and 0.59 with annealing. The morphology and packing behavior of blend of nanocrystals with P3HT were studied using Atomic Force Microscopy (Paper published in Optical Materials). Additionally, section fourth describes the effects of embedding un-doped and Mn-doped ZnS nanoparticles in the active layer on the performance of organic photovoltaics devices. The active layer primarily consists of various ratios of the organic electron donor poly (3-hexylthiophene (P3HT) and the electron acceptor [6, 6] phenyl-C61-butyric acid methyl ester (PCBM) together with nanoparticles dissolved in dichlorobenzene. The weight ratio of PCBM to un-doped and doped nanoparticles in the blend was varied, keeping the ratio of P3HT constant. The power conversion efficiency (PCE) improved by increasing the nanoparticle concentration in the active layer blend. The devices with ZnS nanocrystals (1:0.5:0.5) showed an efficiency of 2.42%. By doping with manganese, the efficiency was enhanced by a factor of 1.46 (Paper published in European Physical Journal Applied Physics). However, fifth section describes first time the direct observation of the nucleation and growth process of CdS nanowires by stirring of CdS nanoparticles. The growth process of CdS nanowires consist of three steps, the growth of CdS particles, nucleation of CdS nanorods and finally the growth of CdS nanowires. This method brings forward a new idea to synthesize nanowires. Furthermore, carboxylic functionalize porphyrin was examined as sensitizer for CdS nanowires. The hybrid devices were fabricated with organic polymer with different concentration of dyes and the device with optimum concentration 6×10-6 M shows the highest efficiency of 0.5% with short-circuit current density 3.10 mAcm-2, opencircuit voltage 0.44 V and fill factor 0.37 (Paper published in European Physical Journal Applied Physics). Last section of chapter 3 illustrates photocatalytic degradation of Alizarin Red S using ZnS and cadmium doped ZnS nanoparticles under unfiltered sunlight. Photo catalytic XXV degradation of Alizarin Red S (ARS) by the nanoparticles showed that the cadmium doped ZnS acted as a potential Photocatalyst under unfiltered solar light. The ARS dye was degraded about 50% and 96.7% in the presence of ZnS and Cd-ZnS (Cd, 0.5 M) nanoparticles respectively in 120 min. Furthermore the effect of various parameters, i.e., Photocatalyst concentration, dye concentration, and pH of the solution on the percentage of degradation was also studied. Degradation followed first order kinetics (Paper published in Surfaces and Interfaces).
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