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پروفیسر قیام الدین احمد

پروفیسر قیام الدین احمد صاحب مرحوم
(ڈاکٹر جاوید علی خاں)
پروفیسر قیام الدین احمد مرحوم ملک کے ممتاز مورخ اور مشہور عالم و محقق تھے، ۲۷؍ اگست ۱۹۹۸؁ء کو ان کا انتقال اچانک حرکت قلب بند ہوجانے کی وجہ سے ہوا، اس وقت وہ خدا بخش لائبریری پٹنہ کے ایک سمینار کے لیے اپنا مقالہ ٹائپ کررہے تھے جو آزادی کی گولڈن جبلی تقریبات کے سلسلے میں جامعہ ہمدرد دہلی میں ہونے والا تھا۔
ہندوستان کے عہد وسطیٰ کی تاریخ اور انیسویں صدی کا ہندو مسلم معاشرہ ان کا خاص موضوع تھا، اس پر ان کی نظر وسیع تھی۔ بہار میں ہندوستان کے عہد وسطیٰ کی تاریخ نویسی کی روایت کی بنیاد شاد عظیم آبادی اور ونایک پر شاد نے ڈالی تھی جس کو سرجدوناتھ سرکار نے پروان چڑھایا اور پدم شری پروفیسر سید حسن عسکری نے نقطۂ عروج تک پہنچایا، پروفیسر قیام الدین اسی سلسلہ کی آخری کڑی تھے، ان کی وفات سے جو خلا ہوا ہے اس کا پُر ہونا مشکل معلوم ہوتا ہے۔
ملک و قوم کی بے لوث خدمت اور آزادی وطن کی تحریک میں علمائے صادق پور کے کارنامے اظہر من الشمس ہیں، مرحوم قیام الدین کا تعلق اسی عظیم اور مقدس خانوادے سے تھا، حضرت سید احمد شہیدؒ کی تحریک اصلاح و جہاد میں بھی اس خاندان کے بزرگوں نے بڑے جوش و خروش اور نہایت عزم و استقلال سے حصہ لیا تھا۔
مرحوم کے اجداد میں مولانا احمد اﷲ صاحب اور کئی لوگوں کو ابنالہ مقدمات کے سلسلہ میں کالے پانی کی سزا ہوئی۔ موجودہ صدی کے اوائل میں اس خاندان کے افراد کا رجحان مغربی تعلیم کی طرف ہوگیا۔ پروفیسر قیام الدین احمد صاحب کے دادا ڈاکٹر عظیم الدین احمد عربی کے مشہور فاضل اور اردو کے معروف شاعر و نقاد تھے، انہوں نے سر محمد اقبال کے...

Khula Between Family Code Modified by Order 05-02 and Islamic Jurisprudence

Just as a man can resort to divorce when he does not love his wife, the Islamic Law (Sharīa„h) gives the woman the right to end her marriage, if she does not love her husband. However, she will have to repay her the dowry paid to her unless there are circumstances in which a judge could force his husband to pronounce Ṭalaq without compensation from his wife. The Family Code puts an end to an abuse of the rule by judges who demanded the consent of the husband. She asserted that the demand for Khula„ was no longer conditional on the husband's acceptance. As a result, the expression "without the consent of the husband" was introduced in 2005, in Article 54 of the Family Code.

Formulation and Characterization of Skin Rejuvenating Multiple Emulsions Loaded With Botanical Extracts

Background and Aims: Antioxidants are being extensively explored for their cutaneous benefits. Green tea and sacred lotus are popular antioxidants since ancient times. Aim of this study was to explore cutaneous benefits of these historic plants after formulating them in a novel carrier system. Methods: After successive extractions of antioxidants from lotus and green tea, their antioxidant activities were measured through DPPH antioxidant assay. Extracts were encapsulated in W/O/W type multiple emulsions. To obtain multiple emulsions having long-term shelf storage stability, various hydrophilic emulsifiers were tried along with polymeric emulsifier cetyl dimethicone copolyol. The most suitable multiple emulsion with excellent skin compatibility have been used as carrier of extracts to the skin of healthy human subjects (n=33), after their informed consents. One group applied 5% green tea while a second group applied 5% lotus and a third group applied combination of both extracts on left cheeks once daily over a 60 days treatment course. A placebo multiple emulsion was applied on right cheek as control in all three groups. Non-invasive measurements were performed at specific time intervals using various biophysical techniques such Corneometry, Tewametry, Mexametry, Sebumetry and Skin profilometry. Results were justified through various statistical methods. Results: Green tea and lotus revealed strong antioxidant potentials and extracts were stable in a multiple emulsion, which showed shelf storage stability of 1 year. Furthermore, all the formulations subjected to patch test were skin compatible and multiple emulsions with combination of extracts showed superior skin compatibility IX profile. Results obtained through efficacy studies showed that green tea and lotus have strong skin rejuvenation potential by improving various parameters of skin physiology. For example (a) green tea and lotus improved barrier function of the skin (b) Interestingly all three formulations positively influenced in any way at some of the skin surface parameters (c) green tea plus lotus treatment found superior to placebo for its effectiveness on the skin’s melanin pigmentation whereas lotus treatment alone has remarkable effect than green tea alone (d) combined treatment with green tea and lotus has superior efficacy over green tea alone in sebum reduction. Overall, combined treatment found superior for its effects on healthy skin profile. Conclusions: It is concluded that, the synergistic effects of the lotus, together with the green tea, on various parameters of skin physiology appears due to constituents who have a potentiation effect. Key Words: Green tea, Lotus, Multiple emulsions, Suface Evaluation of Living Skin (SELS), Patch test, Transepidermal water loss (TEWL), Melanin, Erythema, Skin Sebum.
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