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نواب سر مزمل اﷲ خاں بہادر

نواب سر مزمل اﷲ خاں بہادر
حاتم یو پی کی وفات
ہمارے صوبہ کے حاتم نواب سر مزمل اﷲ خاں بہادر نے ستمبر کی آخری تاریکوں میں اپنے وطن بھیکم پور ضلع علی گڑھ میں وفات پائی، مرحوم کئی سال سے لگاتار بیمار تھے، بخار اور کھانسی کی تکلیف تھی، ضعف کبھی بڑھ جاتا کبھی گھٹ جاتا، اور آخر اتنا بڑھا کہ پھر نہ گھٹا، چوہتر (۷۴) برس کی عمر میں دنیا کے ہر اُتار چڑھاؤ کو دیکھ کر اور ہر سرد و گرم کو آزما کر دین و دنیا دونوں کی نعمتوں سے بہرہ اندوز ہو کر ۲۸؍ ستمبر ۱۹۳۸؁ء کو اس ہری بھری دنیا کو الوداع کہا۔
مرحوم شروانی خاندان کے چشم و چراغ تھے، اور جیسا کہ وہ فرمایا کرتے تھے، سرسیدؔ کی گودوں میں کھیل کر جوان ہوئے تھے، عربی و فارسی کی تعلیم پائی تھی، اور انگریزی اتنی جانتے تھے کہ اخبار پڑھ اور گفتگو سمجھ لیتے تھے، فارسی کے شاعر تھے، مرزا سنجر طہرانی سے اصلاحیں لی تھیں، فارسی کا پورا دیوان مرتب تھا، ان کی غزلیں اور نظمیں کئی دفعہ ان کی زبان سے سنیں اور شاید ایک دو دفعہ معارف میں بھی چھپیں، تقریر شگفتہ اور پر مذاق کرتے تھے۔
مولانا شبلی مرحوم کے دوستوں میں تھے، اسی کا اثر یہ تھا کہ وہ مولانا کے کاموں اور تحریکوں سے دلچسپی رکھتے تھے، ندوہ کی طرف ان کا التفات مولانا ہی کے دم قدم اور قلم کے اشاروں سے ہوا، اور دارلمصنفین کی طرف ان کی چشم کرم بھی اسی نسبت کی مرہون ہے، دارالمصنفین اپنی چوبیس برس کی عمر میں حیدرآباد و بھوپال کی سرکاروں کے علاوہ اگر کسی محسن کے فیض سے مستفید ہوا ہے تو وہ بھیکم پور کے رئیس کی ذات تھی، مرحوم نے دارالمصنفین کی مسجد پانچ ہزار کے خرچ سے بنوائی، اور اس...

دور القواعد النحوية في استنباط الأحكام الشرعية من الآيات القرآنية

Linguists and Muslim jurists have depended heavily on the Arabic language in their researches about Islamic legislation. Their writings show a deep relationship between Islamic commandments and the rules of Arabic grammar. The three chapters of this research present a study of their work syntactically, and analytically to explore the earliest approaches and their various dimensions, and to detect the relationship with the Islamic commandments in the current time. The first chapter is about the role of nouns in deriving the Islamic commandments from the Quranic ayaat. The second chapter discusses the role of various verbs in deriving the Islamic commandments from the Quranic Ayaat. The third chapter is about the role of Arabic letters in deriving Islamic commandments from the Quranic Ayat. This study hopes to help not only the linguists of Arabic language but also the scholars of other related fields.

Potential of Selected Agrowastes for Protection of Cereal Grains Against Aflatoxins

Storage of food stuff and cereals has been a global issue from years due to fungal infection and development of mycotoxins; the most dangerous are aflatoxins, which not only deteriorate the food quality but have carcinogenic potential for mammals. In view of nutritive value and potential of plants as safer and viable source of antifungal agents, the present research work has been designed to evaluate the antifungal activities of various agricultural wastes and some medicinal plants against the aflatoxigenic strains of Aspergilus flavus and Aspergillus parasiticus, so as to reduce the aflatoxin production in cereal grains durin storage. The antifungal components of plants were extracted using solvents like methanol, ethanol, chloroform and acetone. Antifungal activity determined by Disc Diffusion method and Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) showed that ethanolic extract of pomegranate peels exhibited highest antifungal effect against both tested fungi with maximum zone of inhibition 38 mm for A. paracitus and 37 mm for A. flavus, however, the least effect was observed by ethanolic extract of sugarcane baggasse with minimum DIZ value of 10 mm against both fungi. Crude extracts having good antifungal activity were analyzed for antifungal constituents (phenolic acids) by GC-MS. Total of 8 phenolic acids like gallic acid, cinamic acid, benzoic acid, vanillic acid, protocacheuic acid, ferulic acid, caffeic acid, and para-coumaric acid were identified on the basis of availability of standard chemicals and spectral data. Significant variation (P<0.05) was found among concentration of phenolic acids detected in different tested plant extracts. The cereal grains (wheat, maize and rice) inoculated with A. flavus and A. parasiticus were stabilized with 5 plant materials at three different concentrations (5, 10, and 20%) and stored at two different conditions of temperature and moisture (25 o C temperature and 18% moisture and 30 o C temperature and 21% moisture) for a period up to 9 months. After regular interval of time, qualitative analysis by TLC and quantitative estimation by HPLC was performed. Among the investigated plants pomegranate peels and neem leaves (20 %) were found to be most effective and they fully inhibit aflatoxin B 1 synthesis (100%) by both tested fungi at all cereals (maize and rice and wheat) and B 2, G 1 and G 2 synthesis at 25 o C temperature and 18% moisture level. Whereas, at high temperature and moisture level (30 o C and 21%) neem leaves and pomegranate peels fully inhibited aflatoxin B 1 synthesis by both tested fungi in wheat and maize but did not show complete inhibition of aflatoxin B 1 synthesis in rice. Generally the order of inhibitory potential of investigated plants at 20 %concentration against aflatoxins synthesis by both tested fungi was as neem leaves > pomegranate peels > citrus leaves > citrus peels > kikar leaves. Finally statistical analysis was applied on triplicate optimized samples using mean, standard error, and analysis of variance ANOVA. Significant differences of mean were calculated using Least Square Difference (LSD) test. Overall results of the current study showed that neem leaves and pomegranate peels can be used directly or to develop agents to control the production of aflatoxin in cereals effectively in controlled moisture and temperature conditions.
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