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مواخات مدینہ

مواخات مدینہ
مکہ سے مسلمان مہاجرین ہر شے تج کر خالی ہاتھ مدینہ منورہ چلے آئے تھے۔لیکن ہر شے سے قیمتی اعلیٰ اور زندگی کا حاصل یعنی دین اسلام اپنے دامن میں سمیٹ لائے تھے۔ اس دولت بے پناہ کے ہوتے ہوئے انھیں کسی چیز کے چھوڑنے اور دوسروں کے قبضے میں چلے جانے کا دکھ تھا نہ غم۔ وہ اللہ کی اطاعت اور رسول کی پیروی میں سب وابستگیوں سے دور جا چکے تھے۔ بس رسول اللہ کا دامن مضبوطی سے تھامے ہوئے تھے۔
ان کے دامن سے ہو کے وابستہ
سب سے دامن چھڑا لیا ہم نے
بے سر وسامانی کے عالم میں آنحضرتؐ نے انصار و مہاجرین کے درمیان رشتہ اخوت قائم فرمایا۔ حضرت انسؓ کے مکان پر لوگوں کو جمع کر کے انصار سے فرمایا! یہ تمھارے بھائی ہیں ۔ پھر مہاجرین اور انصار میں سے ایک ایک شخص کو بلا کر آپؐ فرماتے گئے’’ یہ اور تم بھائی ہو‘‘۔ دو اجنبی بھائی بھائی بن گئے۔ ان میں سے چند کے نام حسب ذیل ہیں
۱۔ سید نا ابو بکر صدیق ؓ ، سید نا عمر فاروق ؓ
۲۔ سیدنا حمزہؓ کو سیدنا زید بن حارثہ ؓ
۳۔ سیدنا عثمان ؓ کو سید نا عبد الرحمن بن عوف
۴۔ سیدنا زبیر بن العوامؓ کو سیدنا عبداللہ بن مسعودؓ
۵۔ سیدنا عبیدہ بن الحارثؓ کو سیدنا بلال بن رباح
۶۔ سیدنا مصعب بن عمیر کو سیدنا سعد بن ابی وقاص
۷۔ سیدنا ابو عبیدہ بن الجراح کو سیدنا سالم مولا ابی حزیفہ
۸۔ سیدنا سعید بن زید کو سیدنا طلحہ بن عبیداللہ
۹۔سیدنا و مولانا محمد رسول ﷺکو سیدنا علی بن ابی طالب ۔ حضرت ابو بکرؓ کو خارجہ بن عرید، عمر کو عتبہ بن مالک اور زبیر کو سلمہ بن سلامہ کا بھائی بنایا۔
مواخات...

Exploring Dialogism in the Mistress-Slave Relationship: A Study of Female Slave Characters in Jean Rhys' “Wide Sargasso Sea”

Slavery, an enduring institution devoid of remuneration, has played a foundational role in numerous societies. Literary works explore the changing roles and portrayals of slaves in Great Britain's post-emancipation era in 1833. Within Jean Rhys' seminal work, "Wide Sargasso Sea," a captivating narrative emerges, spotlighting a female slave character whose mistress forms a profound, almost maternal, attachment. This study embarks on an exploration of this intricate mistress-slave dynamic, particularly focusing on the slave's portrayal in a maternal capacity. It delves into the question whether a slave could embody the utmost empathy towards the extended familial network of her mistress. Framing this investigation is Mikhail Mikhailovich Bakhtin's theory of dialogism, asserting that interaction is shaped by discourse and that each dialogue carries profound significance. The poignant instance of the slave providing solace as Antoinette's mother falters exemplifies this theory. The findings substantiate the hypothesis that the language employed in reciprocal communication profoundly impacts the tenor of the relationship. This study thus sheds light on the profound interplay between language, empathy, and power dynamics within the

Genomic Comparison of Rhizobium Species Using in Silico Aflp-Pcr Endonuclease Restrictions and Ampylating Enzymes

Characterizing genomic differences at species level is key to understand evolutionary and phylogenetic relationships, morphological and functional diversities and, above all, meaningful and precise taxonomic classifications. The techniques widely used in molecular biology like Amplified fragment length polymorphism-PCR (AFLP-PCR), endonuclease restrictions followed by Pulsed Field Gel Electrophoresis are the techniques mainly used to differentiate species of microbes for many years. These techniques are very useful in determining genomic differences arisen from point mutations, insertion-deletions and inversions. These differences may represent functional dissimilarities in studied organisms. AMPylation enzymes might reveal the changes occurring in proteome of organisms having similar genomes that may further explain the functional diversity of these organisms. The whole genome sequences of nine Rhizobium species were evaluated with different in-silico molecular techniques such as AFLP-PCR, endonuclease restrictions and AMPylating enzymes diversity for genome comparison. The entire genome sequences of Rhizobium species were retrieved from NCBI and aligned with Progressive Mauve and visualizedas Phylogenetic tree.The AFLP-PCR was carried out in-silico from the insilico.ehu.es, different combinations of restriction enzymes with different nucleotides to generate the AFLP bands to draw phylogeny. Different set of restriction enzymes were used for Restriction Digest and PFGE in silico for scoring of binary scores and analyzed. The post-translational modification (PTM) and ampylating enzymes diversity from the proteome of Rhizobium species were determined from novPTMenzy. The phylogenetic treesbased on AFLP-PCR and PFGE were compared with the tree on whole genome basis and slight variations were observed in the AFLP and PFGE based trees. Results clearly demonstrated the presence of PTM?s i.e. AMPylation, Hydroxylation, Sulfation and Deamidation with their specific domains (ampylating enzymes) GS-ATasE (GlnE), Fic, Doc (Phosphorylation); Aspargine_hydroxylase, Collagen_prolyl_lysyl_hydroxylase; Sulfotransferase and CNF (Cytotoxic Necrotizing Factors), respectively were observed in different Rhizobium species. The results pertaining to post translational modifications are discussed with relation to functional diversities reported in these species.
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