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مولوی عبید الرحمن خان شروانی

آہ! فرزند حبیب شبلی
قفانبک من ذکریٰ حبیب و منزل
نواب الحاج مولوی عبیدالرحمن خان شروانی کئی برس سے علیل تھے۔ ان کی زندگی کے معمولات میں فرق آگیا تھا، کمیٹیوں میں شرکت کے لیے سفر سے معذور ہوگئے تھے۔ بڑھاپے اور عمر طبعی کو پہنچ جانے کی وجہ سے ضعف و نقاہت میں اضافہ ہورہا تھا۔ راقم کو گذشتہ سال دو بار عیادت و زیارت کی سعادت میسر آئی تھی۔ اور دونوں دفعہ بڑھتی ہوئی کمزوری اور معذوری کو دیکھ کر خیال ہوا تھا کہ یہ چراغ سحر بجھا ہی چاہتا ہے۔ بالآخر ۸؍ مئی کو صاحبزادہ والاتبار پروفیسر ریاض الرحمن خان شروانی کے تار سے یہ المناک خبر آہی گئی جس نے پھر اس ارشاد ربانی کی ایک بار تصدیق و توثیق کردی کہ کل من علیھا فان[الرحمن: ۲۶]۔
دارالمصنفین کی بنا و تاسیس میں علامہ شبلیؒ اور ان کے متعدد اعزہ کی طرح نواب مولوی عبیدالرحمن خان شروانی کے خاندان کا بھی بڑاحصہ تھا۔ ان کے والد ماجد نواب صدر یار جنگ بہادر مولانا حبیب الرحمن خان شروانی مرحوم علامہ شبلی کے حبیب لبیب تھے۔ جب علامہ کے دل و دماغ پر دارالمصنفین ہی کا خیال چھایا رہتا تھا تو اس کے متعلق سب سے زیادہ انھی سے مراسلت و مکاتبت رہتی تھی۔ علامہ شبلی کی وفات کے بعد یہی رابط و تعلق دارالمصنفین کی جانب منتقل ہوگیا تھا جس کے مدۃ العمر وہ رکن رکین اور صدر نشین رہے، دارالمصنفین کے پہلے صدر جسٹس مولوی کرامت حسین اور دوسرے نواب عماد الملک اور تیسرے مولانا حبیب الرحمن خاں شروانی ہوئے، مولانا حمیدالدین فراہی کی وفات کے بعد ۱۹۳۱؁ء میں وہی اس کی مجلس ارکان کے بھی صدر بنے، دوسروں سے علامہ کے تعلقات میں اتار چڑھاؤ ہوتا رہا لیکن ایک نواب صدر یار جنگ ہی کی ایسی ذات تھی جن سے عمر بھر...

PENERAPAN MANAJEMEN STRATEGIK DALAM MENINGKATKAN MUTU PENDIDIKAN MADRASAH

In its development, madrasas have undergone various changes, namely from the pesantren learning system to the madrasa system; from traditional to classical methods; from halaqah system to benches, desks and blackboards; from traditional to modern curricula; from classical education to modern educational reform. The change indicates the existence of process or efforts of development of madrasah education in the direction of more advanced, qualified and competitive from time to time. Conceptually, one way to improve the quality of education and competitiveness of madrasah in the era of globalization competition is to implement strategic management which includes 4 stages such as environmental analysis, formulating, implementing and evaluating strategic decisions between functions that enable an organization to achieve its goals in the future. Strategic Management is based on the entire scope of the work. Thus it can be utilized well for makronya environment for example in government management and also can be utilized also for in mikronya environment for example in company management or organization or pengeloalan Madrasah. However, it should be understood only here that in the use of macro and micro scope there are a number of fundamental differences such as the following exposures.

Bioaccumulation of Selected Toxic Heavy Metals Along Rivers of Malakand Division and River Kabul, Pakistan

Heavy metals are well-known environmental pollutants due to their serious toxicity, persistence in the environment and bioaccumulative nature. A variety of natural and anthropogenic sources are the main reason of their release into the environment. Contamination of freshwater ecosystems such as rivers with toxic heavy metals is an environmental problem of public health concern. Being persistent elements, heavy metals are accumulated in the environment and are the major cause to contaminate the food chains. Accumulation of potentially toxic heavy metals in freshwater fish causes a potential health threat to their consumers including humans. It is very important to assess and monitor the concentrations of potentially toxic heavy metals in riverine waters and sediments as well as in the resident biota. The present research work aimed to assess the bioaccumulation of four selected heavy metals i.e., Cr, Ni, Cd and Pb in freshwater fish, rice and tobacco along three rivers in Malakand Division and River Kabul, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan. The different aciddigested environmental samples were analyzed for specified heavy metals (Cr, Ni, Cd and Pb) by flame atomic absorption spectrophotometry. Potential risk to the health of the fish consumers was assessed in terms of estimated weekly intake (EWI) values of the heavy metals and compared with their respective provisional tolerable weekly intake (PTWI) values set by international organizations. Generally, metal concentrations in muscles of the fish from the studied rivers were comparable. Generally, clear trends could not be observed for metal concentrations at different sites of the rivers when going from upstream to downstream. Regarding metal accumulation in fish muscles, generally, inter-species differences were statistically not significant, most probably due to more variance within samples. Generally, metal concentrations were higher in metabolically active tissues such as gills and liver compared to skin and muscles. Based on the current study, consumption of the analyzed freshwater fish species from the rivers was generally safe in terms of potential risk from Cd and Pb but the observed Ni accumulation may pose a potential health risk to regular/excessive fish consumers. Thus, efforts should be made to minimize heavy metal contamination in these freshwater ecosystems in order to safeguard the aquatic fauna and the health of the fish consumers.
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