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نیاز ؔفتح پوری

نیاز فتح پوری
گزشتہ مہینہ نیاز فتح پوری کی وفات اکیاسی (۸۱) سال کی عمر میں کراچی میں ہوگئی، معارف کو ان کی پچھلی زندگی میں ان کے بعض دلآزار مذہبی مضامین سے بڑا اختلاف رہا، لیکن انھوں نے اظہار انابت کرکے آخر میں مذہبی دلآزادی چھوڑ دی تھی، ان کے علمی ذوق میں بڑی رنگارنگی تھی، رسالہ نگار کے اڈیٹر ہونے کے ساتھ، مذہب تاریخ، سوانح، ناول نگاری، افسانہ نویسی اور شعر و ادب پر بھی طبع آزمائی کرتے رہے اپنے بعض مذہبی مضامین کی وجہ سے تو مطعون ہوئے، اچھے مورخ اور اچھے سوانح نگار بھی نہ ہوسکے، لیکن ان کا نام اچھے ناول نگار عمدہ افسانہ نویس اور شعرو ادب کے بلندپایہ نقاد کی حیثیت سے اردو زبان کی تاریخ میں خصوصیت کے ساتھ برابر لیا جائے گا، وہ اپنے رسالہ نگار کے ذریعہ جو علمی و ادبی خدمت انجام دیتے رہے وہ بھی ان کے اہم کارناموں میں شمار ہوگا، دعا ہے کہ اﷲ تبارک و تعالیٰ ان کی کمزوریوں کو اپنے دامن عفو میں جگہ دیں اور ان کو اپنی رحمت و مغفرت سے سرفراز فرمائیں، آمین۔
(صباح الدین عبدالرحمن، جون ۱۹۶۶ء)

 

Indo-Afghan Relations: Challenges and Options for Pakistan in Post 9/11 Era

The Indian soft power image in Afghanistan and strategic partnership between the two countries has become a great challenge for Pakistan political and security forces. India wants to prevent Pakistan from regaining “preponderant” influence in present day Afghanistan, and in this context, the paper discusses the history of troubled Pakistan-Afghanistan and Pakistan-India relations. The paper will present a comprehensive analysis on why Afghanistan is strategically important for Pakistan, how it affects Pak-Afghan relations, and how it provided India an opportunity to limit Pakistan’s role in Afghanistan? India’s idea of encircling Pakistan from east and west is a factor the importance of which India understood and used to her gain in 1971 East Pakistani crisis. Pakistan’s idea of ‘strategic depth’ can be understood as a lesson learnt from India’s two-frontier strategy against Pakistan. The paper suggests that Pakistan does not need strategic depth any more. On the contrary, it needs stable, mature and good neighbors so that both countries can come out of standoff. In this way Pakistan could become a partner in a wide range of areas from security to economic and social sectors.

Molecular Epidemiology of House Dust Mites in Pothwar, Pakistan

Association between sensitivity to house dust mite (HDM) allergens and allergic disorders is well known. Modern housing, genetic traits and environmental pollution are the major causes of increased prevalence of HDM allergy. The aim of this study was to estimate the epidemiological status of HDM allergy in Pothwar region. Samples of house dust were investigated to identify the prevalent HDM species in the house environment and their allergen levels. Molecular characterization of group 1 allergens and their polymorphism in prevalent HDM species was also undertaken. The present study found, that, an estimated 81.74% of patients were sensitized to HDM allergens (Der p1 and Der f1), 87% patients were poly-sensitized, wherein patients showing sensitization to pollen and food allergens were 53% and 38% respectively. Percentage of HDM sensitization was highly significant compared to the other two allergy groups (p=0.002357). A significant gender bias was observed, with percentage of male patients (56.11%) greater than female patients (43.89%). Results revealed D. farinae and D. pteronyssinus as the predominant acrofauna. Out of total examined mites, 60.89% were identified as D. farinae, followed by D. pteronyssinus (29%). Besides these two species of allergy causing family of Pyroglyphids, 11% mites were non-allergenic i.e. Cheyletidae and Oribatidae. Comparison of mite counts from randomly selected houses and patients’ houses showed analogous counts of D. farinae and D. pteronyssinus. 87.35% random houses and 87.11% patients’ houses showed positive mite infestation. Mean D. farinae counts/gram of dust, in random samples were 235.36±7.93 (mean ± SEM) compared to 274.74±10.78 from patients’ homes. Similarly, mean D. pteronyssinus counts from random houses compared to patients’ houses were 115.04±4.57 and 124.58±5.76 respectively. Seasonal variation in mite counts was significant, with highest mite counts observed during monsoon season when % RH and ambient air temperatures are most suitable for mite proliferation. Allergen levels in 81.2% dust samples tested for Der f 1 were above 0.5ng/ml Limit of detection (LOD), where 57.6% dust samples had more than10μg/g dust allergen load. Conversely 69.4% of samples above were above LOD for Der p 1 and 20% had Der p 1 allergen levels greater than10μg/g dust. Mean Der f 1 (12.03±0.86μg/g) burden was significantly higher (p<0.0001) than mean Der p1 (6.06±0.73 μg/g). A moderate correlation (R2=0.6) between mite counts and their allergen levels was observed. Both Der f 1 and Der p 1 allergen levels were significantly high (p<0.0001) during monsoon and autumn compared to the remaining seasons of the year. Study of group 1 allergen polymorphism revealed two novel introns at nucleotide position (nt pos) 87 and 291 in both species, and the absence of intron 3 in Der p 1. Thirteen silent and one novel non-synonymous mutation: Tryptophan (W197) to Arginine (R197) were detected in D. farinae. Two haplotypes of Der f 1 gene were identified, haplotype 1 (63%) was more frequent than haplotype 2 (18%). In Der p 1, a silent mutation at nt (aa) position 1011(149) and four non-synonymous mutations at positions 589(50), 935(124), 971(136) and 1268(215) were observed. These mutations were reported from many other geographic regions, suggesting that polymorphism in Der p 1 gene is panmictic. As an outcome of this research, a better awareness (with relevant data) about the epidemiological status of House Dust Mite (HDM) allergy in Pothwar region has been established. Presence of Pyroglyphid mite species (D. farinae and D. pteronyssinus only) and the absence of other species from the family Pyroglyphidae are reported for the first time. The extent of polymorphism in both genes was substantially lower than that reported previously (0.10-0.16% vs 0.31-0.49%), indicating the need for careful evaluation of potential polymerase errors in studies utilizing RT-PCR.
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