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ہر اک سے تیرے واسطے دل بیر لے گیا

ہر اک سے تیرے واسطے دل بیر لے گیا
پر تُو تو کاٹ کر ہی میرے پیر لے گیا
اِک رشتے کی زمین کو سینچا تھا عمر بھر
اور فصل جب پکی تو ثمر غیر لے گیا

عبد الحق کی اقبال شناسی

Abdul Haq, India’s most popular researcher and literary figure, got retirement from the University of Delhi as dean of the Department of Urdu. For the very first time in India, he selected Iqbaliat as his doctorate topic. His books on Iqbaliat highlighted various unexplored topics and personalities. He presented and preached Iqbal’s thoughts and quotations exactly the way Iqbal wanted them to be presented. His articles on Iqbal always received great appreciation from all the literary circles and conferences in which he presented them. As a profound lover and having an understanding of Iqbal’s poetry, he gave new dimensions to his poetry, previously unknown to the world. Furthermore, as a researcher, he discussed numerous scholars who claimed to have an understanding of Iqbal’s poetry and analyzed their work critically. The current study is an acknowledgement of Professor Abdul Haq’s endeavors in the field of education, literature and his services for Iqbaliat. Moreover, the present study encompasses his written publications on the topic of Iqbaliat.

Comparative Performance of the Students of Higher Secondary Schools and College at Intermediate Level in Punjab

The main purpose of the study was to evaluate the overall performance of the students of higher secondary schools and colleges at intermediate level in Punjab. Higher secondary school level is the intermediate stage, where students have to carry out their future planning. It is necessary to improve the academic performance of students at higher secondary level of education, particularly in the field of Mathematics because the mathematics curriculum identifies the different attributes of learning which is to be assessed through the performance of students. Therefore the study was conducted to evaluate the performance of the mathematics students of HSSs and colleges at intermediate level. The major objectives of the study were to analyze overall performance of the students at intermediate level in higher secondary schools and colleges in a comparative perspective; to investigate factors affecting teaching-learning environment faced by the students and teachers in Higher Secondary Schools and Colleges of Punjab; to evaluate performance of male and female students of Mathematics in Higher Secondary Schools and Colleges and to explore performance of rural and urban area students of Mathematics. The population of the study comprised 946 principals, 1336 maths teachers and 73455 maths students of higher secondary schools and colleges of Punjab province. Province of Punjab is densely populated and consists of 37 districts. These districts are administratively divided into nine divisions. Each division has a BISE (Board of Intermediate and Secondary Education). Keeping in view the short span of time and resources constraints, the study was delimited to two Boards, i-e Rawalpindi and Sargodha. For evaluation of the performance of the students in comparative perspective, the research was also delimited the results of the students of the Mathematics part-1 at intermediate level in higher secondary schools and colleges. The researcher used three questionnaires (First for the principals, second for the mathematics teachers and third for the students of mathematics part-2) as research instruments. The researcher personally visited the selected institutions and the questionnaires were administered to 440 mathematics students of part-2 at intermediate level, 60 mathematics teachers and 48 principals of Government higher secondary schools and Government colleges. The respondents were requested to give their responses to each item on three-point Likert Rating Scale. The researcher also visited BISE Rawalpindi and BISE Sargodha for obtaining HSSC-I Annual Examination 2012 results of the students included in the sample. The data were analyzed by using SPSS version-21 and statistical techniques (ttest, chi-square-test “Monto Carlo Simulation Method”). Themain conclusions of the study were: 1. Overall performance of the students of HSSs’ and colleges was indifferent. However, performance of higher secondary schools students of Rawalpindi Board was better than those of Sargodha Board. In colleges, the performance of the students of Sargodha Board was better than those of Rawalpindi Board. 2. The performance of students of Rural and Urban institutions was similar both higher secondary schools as well as for colleges. 3. The performance of boys and girls was significantly different. The performance of girls was better than performance of boys. 4. The math’s teachers were aware of the objectives of teaching Mathematics at higher secondary level who completed syllabus with in time. In both setups, majority of the teachers used demonstration, inductive and activity based methods. Mostly teachers of HSS were given individual attention and used appropriate teaching aids effectively to the students as compare to colleges. 5. Mostly teachers of HSS’s gave individual attention to students who used appropriate teaching aids effectively to the students as compared to colleges.
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