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82. Al-Infitar/Tearing Apart

82. Al-Infitar/Tearing Apart

I/We start by the Blessed Name of Allah

The Immensely Merciful to all, The Infinitely Compassionate to everyone.

82:01
a. The time when the celestial realm will tear apart,

82:02
a. and when the stars/planets will scatter and begin to fall off,

82:03
a. and when the seas/oceans will be made to burst by massive earthquakes and cause a series
of tsunami floods,

82:04
a. and when the graves will be overturned with their burdens of lifeless human bodies,

82:05
a. then every person will know what it did of the good and evil and had sent forward and what it had left behind.

82:06
a. O The People!
b. What is it that lured you away to disbelief from your Gracious Rabb - The Lord in spite of HIS Graciousness and Generosity?

82:07
a. HE is the One WHO created you out of nothingness and without a precedence,
b. then shaped you and proportioned you,

82:08
a. and shaped you in whatever form HE pleased,
b. and configured your composition accordingly.

82:09
a. But no!
b. Even then you deny and belie the reality of the Time of Final Judgment.

82:10
a. You do so while there are ever-watchful angels over you, recording your deeds, speech and dealings,

Surah 82 * Al-Infitar 719

82:11
a. - noble, honorable recorders,

82:12
a. aware of exactly whatever you do and whatever you did.

82:13
a. And, indeed, the righteous will be in bliss of Paradise,

82:14

پشتو نثر میں سیرت نگاری کا ایک علمی و تجزیاتی مطالعہ: منتخب کتب سیرت کی روشنی میں

Due to the significance of Sīrah, Muslim scholars started writing about it from the very beginning of Islam. Pashto language, like other major languages, contains the Sīrah writings. There are two types of Sīrah writings in Pashto language. The first type of books are written for a common man, in a very simple language and style, just to get guidance from the Sīrah of the Holy Prophet (P.B.U.H). This type of books were discussed by Dr. Sa’īdullah Qaḍī in his article “Sīrah books in Pashto Language” published in “Al-Ḥaq” Monthly Journal of Jami’a Dārul Uloom Ḥaqqānia, Akora Khattak. The second type of Sīrah books are written after deep research and criticism of the narrations. But it is worth mentioning that no comprehensive research has been carried out so far which can cover both types of books. Therefore an analysis of the Selected Sīrah writings in Pashto Language has been made, to explore the remarkable Sīrah writings in Pashto Language.

Mechanical Characterization of Al- 6061 Strengthened by Ecap

A study was carried out to investigate the effects of equal channel angular pressing (ECAP) on mechanical properties and microstructures of Aluminum alloy Al-6061. Teflon and Nylon was also investigated to visualization deformation because of their high elastic plastic behaviour to validate the mathematical model. The severe plastic deformation (SPD) techniques were used to increase strength through grain refinement. The ECAP process has improved upon the mechanical properties of light metal alloys like Al-6061. In this process the specimen size remain unchanged and the required mechanical properties are increased by SPD technique. The design and development of ECAP experimentation was done on specimens and equipment used to do with suitable measurements and with safety precautions. The experiments were carried out on Teflon, Nylon, and Aluminum 6061. The die and ECAP fixture were designed and fabricated in the Mechanical Engineering Department at University of Engineering & Technology Taxila. A purpose built hydraulic press having capacity of 100 tons with special fixture was used to squeeze the material through ECAP die. In situ heating of die with specimen was employed for smooth flow of material through the die. The temperature was maintained at upper critical temperature (i.e. 450 0C) for two hours for obtaining homogeneous temperature. A total number of eight experiments were performed using the ECAP process on this experimental setup. II The shear strain mathematical model for ECAP was developed considering the elastic recovery of materials after angular extrusion. In addition to shear strain mathematical model, the load required to push the material through ECAP die was calculated to achieve results. The numerical simulation through ABAQUSTM 6.10.1 was performed to validate the mathematical model. The mathematical model of shear strain and orientation in axis was validated successfully with the 3% error along major axis and 2% along minor axis of ellipse. A series of tests including tensile, Vickers hardness, micro hardness, and three points bend fatigue (crack mouth opening displacement) test were performed for mechanical characterisation. In addition, metallographic and fractographic analyses were performed for microstructure verification. The 3-point bend fatigue tests were performed on as-received and ECAP specimens. The specimens were made according to ASTM-E647 standard from Al-6061 alloy. The fatigue crack growth (FCG) behaviour of as-received and ECAP was investigated and compared against different stress ratios. Different plots were drawn between different geometric parameters and found that fatigue crack growth was slower in ECAP specimens as compared to asreceived specimens. This slow rate of FCG was mainly due to the increase in strength by grain refinement introducing severe plastic deformation. The mechanical and microstructure analyses validated grain refinement through ECAP process. A 25% increase in Vickers hardness, 15% improvement in yield strength and 35% enhancement in ultimate tensile strength was recorded
Asian Research Index Whatsapp Chanel
Asian Research Index Whatsapp Chanel

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