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قاری سید صدیق احمدباندوی

قاری سید صدیق احمد صاحب باندوی
۲۸؍ اگست ۱۹۹۷؁ء کو مشہور عالم ربانی اور مرجع خلائق بزرگ قاری سید صدیق احمد صاحب باندوی نے رحلت فرمائی۔ اناﷲ وانا الیہ راجعون۔
وہ ضلع باندہ کے ایک گاؤں ہتھورا کے رہنے والے تھے جو علمی و تمدنی حیثیت سے بہت پس ماندہ تھا، انہوں نے مظاہر العلوم سہارنپور میں تعلیم حاصل کی اور مولانا اسعد اﷲ صاحب خلیفہ حضرت تھانویؒ سے بیعت ہوئے اور اجازت و خلافت حاصل کی، تعلیم سے فراغت کے بعد اپنے وطن سے قریب فتح پور میں مفتی ظہور الاسلام صاحب کے مدرسہ میں مدرس مقرر ہوئے مگر کچھ ہی دنوں بعد ان کے گاؤں ہتھورا اور اس کے گردونواح میں ارتداد کی لہر پھیل گئی۔ چنانچہ قاری صاحب نے اپنے گاؤں میں بڑی بے سروسامانی کے عالم میں ایک مدرسہ کی بنیاد ڈالی اور اس فتنہ کی سرکوبی کے لیے سرگرم عمل ہوگئے، ان کی یہ اصلاحی کوشش بارآور ہوئی اور جو خطہ ارتداد کی لپیٹ میں آچکا تھا اب وہ مرکز علم و رشد بنا ہوا ہے، جہاں دور دراز سے طلبہ اور علوم نبوت کے شائقین رختِ سفر باندھ کر آتے ہیں۔
قاری صاحب اچھے معلم و مدرس ہی نہ تھے بلکہ ایک داعی و مصلح بھی تھے، اس کی وجہ سے علوم دینیہ کی تحصیل کے لیے آنے والوں کے علاوہ ہر وقت طالبین و سالکین کا جمگھٹ ان کے یہاں لگا رہتا تھا اور ہر ایک بقدرِ استعداد ان سے فیضیاب ہوتا تھا۔ مشرقی اضلاع کے لوگوں کو ان کی تذکیر و ہدایت سے خاص طور پر بڑا فائدہ ہوا۔
راقم الحروف جامعہ عربیہ ہتھورا میں حاضری کے موقع پر ان کی مشغول زندگی کا خود مشاہدہ کرچکا ہے، نماز فجر کے بعد سے ظہر تک طلبہ کی ایک جماعت ان سے سبق پڑھ کر جاتی تو خالی گھنٹے...

بہاء اللہ کی تعلیمات میں علمی سرقات کا تنقیدی جائزہ

The main objective of human life is to get closeness to Allah Almighty and to worship Him.  For this purpose thousands of prophets were sent to guide the people on the right path. Other prophets were sent for a specific nation, limited time and area. At the end prophet Muhammad (SAW) was sent by Allah as the last and universal prophet. On the other hand it is also a bitter fact that in all the times and area there are some people who do not follow, become hurdles and even misguide the others (for their cheap worldly benefits). ╓ussain Alī Mazandrānī is one of those false and fake people. He wrote a book, namely, Kitāb-e-Aqdas and claims it to be the word of Allah, revealed on him, while the fact is that Qur’ānic commands (orders) have been presented in his book according to the will and convenience of people. In some places the very text of the Holy Qur’ān has been copied. The given article discovers this plagiarism and critically analysis the commands written in Kitāb-e-Aqdas in the light of the Holy Qur’ān. And this has been proved with arguments that the Holy Qur’ān is the word of Allah, which is completely safe, while Kitāb-e-Aqdas is the outcome of human efforts written by ╓ussain Alī. Hence it is unsafe and not free from mistakes.

Mitigation of Spm and Gvd Effects in Fiber Optic Communications by Dispersion- and Power-Map Co-Optimization Using Genetic Algorithm

Optical fibers have several advantages over conventional transmission systems based on coaxial cables, radio and microwave links etc. These benefits mainly include extremely large bandwidth, high data transmission rates, electrical isolation, immunity to cross talk, signal security, low loss, system reliability etc. In spite of these benefits, fiber optic transmission systems are not perfect and have many limitations and challenges to overcome in long-haul communications. Optical pulse degradation is one such limitation. An optical pulse propagating through fiber experiences degradation that may cause communication errors limiting the overall system performance. Fiber loss, dispersion and nonlinearity are the main factors that lead to such degradation even in single mode fibers (SMFs). For single channel communications, group velocity dispersion (GVD) and self-phase modulation (SPM) are the most significant dispersion and nonlinear effects respectively. GVD arises due to wavelength dependence of refractive index; it causes pulse broadening and thus limits the reach because of inter-symbol interference (ISI). SPM arises due to intensity dependence of refractive index; it introduces chirp that causes pulse spectrum broadening. These phenomena impose limits on the transmission rate and overall performance of the optical communications; therefore it is highly desired to mitigate these effects in fiber optic communications. Dispersion compensating fibers (DCFs) are used to compensate the GVD effect in long-haul communication systems. Dispersion compensation (DC) can completely eliminate GVD effects if SPM can be ignored. However, this is not possible for cases when SPM is significant as the pulse shape also depends upon SPM through pulse power. Hence, the pulse degradation is sensitive to the net amount of dispersion compensation, dispersion-map and the values of launch power. As a result, exact pulse recovery may not be possible by dispersion compensation only. In view of these facts, a system designer faces issues about (i) the net amount of dispersion compensation (ii) the distribution of the compensating elements and (iii) the value of launch power, for the best system performance. As will be discussed in this thesis, these are tough questions that have not been addressed yet because the answers are not intuitive; analytical treatment is not feasible; and the optimization using exhaustive search is prohibitive due to the extremely large number of possibilities. Minimization of pulse degradation requires multidimensional simultaneous optimization of net residual dispersion, dispersion-map and launch power. This thesis provides a thorough background about the importance of optimization of dispersion compensation and values of launch power to minimize pulse degradation. As a next step, it reports an approach that can be used to co-optimize the net amount of residual dispersion, dispersion-map and launch power, in a reasonable time, to mitigate the effects of both GVD and SPM. For investigations in these directions, first of all, a single fiber span was considered to explore the effects of pre- and post-compensations along with the launch power on pulse degradation. These investigations clearly showed that optimum dispersion-map and optimum launch power play a key role in minimizing optical pulse degradation due to GVD and SPM in fiber optic communications. As a next step, a 2-spans fiber link was considered as the simplest case that employed pre-, in-line, and post-DCFs. For launch power optimization, two approaches were considered. In the first approach, launch power was optimized under the conventional assumption that same value of power is launched into each fiber span. This approach is referred as ‘launch- power optimization’. In addition, the effects of launching different values of power in each span were proposed and investigated. We named this as ‘power-map optimization’. This link was optimized for two cases: (i) under the constraint of 100% dispersion compensation using brute force, and (ii) without any apriori assumption of the net compensating value. For case (ii), genetic algorithm was used due to its various advantages over conventional optimization techniques. The results obtained for 2-spans system clearly indicate that (i) power-map optimization yields better results than launch-power optimization, while (ii) dispersion-map optimization without any apriori assumption of the net amount of DC produces superior results than pre-fixed 100% compensated system. It is also pointed out that SPM and GVD effects are rather small in the 2-spans system and therefore the optimization has limited scope; however exhaustive investigations of the 2-spans system provided a basis to verify the GA-based optimum outcomes for the same system. The above mentioned results established the need and justification of such an optimization approach for a larger system, for which as an example, 1600 km long fiber link consisting of 20-spans along with 21 DCFs was considered; and optimal solutions for the net amount of dispersion compensation, dispersion-map, lunch power and power-map were explored. It is important to note that exhaustive search for this intractable problem was impossible and therefore GA was used to obtain the near optimal solution in a reasonable time. A comparison of the results obtained through the method proposed in this thesis versus the results obtained through already proposed methods in the literature is also provided. The method proposed in this thesis showed a significant improvement over the traditional approaches as it recovered the input Gaussian pulse almost in its original form at the output of a 20- spans×80km/span link. Finally a discussion of these results in terms of improvement in Q-factor and the resulting bit error rate (BER) is also provided.
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