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شاعر صدیقی کی نظم گوئی

شاعرؔصدیقی کی نظم گوئی
نظم دراصل نثرکی متضاد ہے یعنی وہ کلام جس میں وزن ،بحر،ترنم اور نغمگی کا خیال رکھا جائے نظم کہلاتا ہے۔لغوی اعتبار سے نظم پرونا،ترتیب دینا وغیرہ کے معنوں میں آتا ہے اصطلاح میں نظم شاعری کی وہ صنف سخن ہے جس میںفکروخیال کے لحاظ سے تمام اشعار کسی ایک موضوع اور ایک خیال کے تحت فکری گہرائی اورشدید جذبے کے ساتھ لکھے جاتے ہیں نظم کے تمام مصرعے باہم مربوط ہوتے ہیں۔
اُردو شعری اصناف میں غزل کے بعد نظم کی اہمیت مسلمہ ہے۔اْردو میں نظم گوئی کی ابتدا قلی قطب شاہ کے زمانے سے ہوئی ہے۔قطب شاہی کے دور میں جن شعرا نے نظمیں کہی ہیں اُن میں جانمؔ،ابن نشاطیؔ،ملاوجہیؔ،رستمیؔ،غواصیؔ،نصرتیؔ ،ہاشمیؔ اور عبدلؔ جیسے اکابر شعرا کے نا م قابل ذکر ہیں۔بعد میں یعنی اٹھارویں صدی کی چوتھی دہائی میں نظم کے اس ارتقائی سفر میں نظیراکبر آبادی نے سب سے اہم رول اداکیا ہے۔نظیرؔنے نظم کو ایک عوامی صنف سخن کی حیثیت سے متعارف کرایا اور پہلی مرتبہ محاسن مناظر فطرت کے علاوہ دیگر عوامی سرگرمیوں کو جگہ دی۔
نظم کا سنہرا اور جدید دور۱۸۵۷ئکے بعد شروع ہوتا ہے۔اس دور میں نظم کے کینوس میں بہت وسعت پیدا ہوگئی اور نظم کو قومی اصلاح اور تربیت کا ایک مؤثر ذریعہ سمجھنے کی حیثیت سے خاص اہمیت دی گئی۔بالخصوص آزادؔاور حالیؔ کی کوششوں سے نظم نے ترقی کی ایک اور کروٹ لی۔جس میں بہت نئے خیالات اور موضوعات نے جگہ پائی۔اس زمانے کے ایک اوراہم شاعر اکبرالہ آبادی بھی ہے جس کا کلام اْس عہد کا آئینہ دار ہے۔اکبرؔنے اپنی نظموں میں مغربی تعلیم،تہذیب ومعاشرت کی پرزور مذمت کی ہے۔حالیؔ نے جدیدنظم کی جو بنیاد رکھی تھی اْس پر علامہ محمداقبال نے نظم کی ایک ایسی عمارت کھڑی کردی جس کے بنا پر اقبالؔ اْردو کے ایک معتبر نظم گو...

تفسیر اشاری کی روایت و منہج کا اختصاصی مطالعہ

Tafsir or interpretation of the Quranic scripture has always been a central task for Muslim exegetes. The Tafsir Ishari is a significant genre in the realm of Quranic exegesis that specially explains the inner meanings of theQuranic scripture. The Tafsir ishari is primarily based on the Quranic reading and understanding of the Sufis of the early Islam. This study analyses the argument of scriptural experts concerning the authenticity of this particular type of the Quranic interpretation. Further, it also aims to elucidate the Tafsir Ishari, its tradition and development through presenting an overview of its origin, formation and evolution. It has been argued that the Tafsir Ishari does not have any specific method. As contrast to the literal reading of the Quranic text, the Sufis reflect upon the inner meaning of the Quran and understand the text through spiritual intuition. This research is focused to comprehend various approaches of Sufi interpretations by studying the significant texts of leadingSufi masters i. E. Al-Tustari, Sulami and Ruzbihan al-Baqli. A meticulous effort has been made to ascertain the distinctive methods of Ishari interpretation by analyzing the interpretations of the above mentioned three leading Sufi masters.

Passive Infrared Field Gradient Analysis and Localization of Thermal Objects in Active Fresnel Zones.

The purpose of this research is to present efficient novel techniques in contactless thermal surveillance by devising and developing two prototype Thermal Infrared Field Gradient Detection Scanning Systems by using thermal sensors. Signals from Pyroelectric Infrared (PEIR) sensors based Scanning System-1 are analyzed for recognition of thermal gradient patterns to surveil for thermally contrasted stationary and dynamic objects in multiple active Fresnel zones (AFZs) including subzones. The advantage of surveillance in thermal infrared perspective over the visible spectrum realm lies in the fact that all objects above absolute zero emit thermal radiations, with thermal contrast in an AFZ the gradient can be effectively determined by using multi-element pyroelectric infrared sensors. Another prototype open-air thermal gradient scanning system is developed based on Non-Dispersive Infrared (NDIR) thermopile sensing array. This system is used to steer the trespasser in a quiescent vicinity by the detection of wave flow in the gravity induced carbon dioxide, which causes phase delay in density gradients at three spatial locations. The objective of this research is to analyze the first scanning system for up to four active monitoring Fresnel regions for static thermal gradients caused by thermal absorption or emission by living and non-living things and due to the movement of homeothermic body or its constituents in thermally contrasted regions in 8–14μm wide infrared bandwidth. The second scanning system analyze concentration gradient in 4.26μm narrow-band infrared region. In the first thermal scanning system, the gyratory mask-aperture maps a narrow scanning beam on the pyroelectric sensing elements through each lens of a linear Fresnel lens array. The signals from the system are linear field thermograms that are used for localization and thermal field gradients signatures analysis of stationary and dynamic objects. Discrete multilevel and continuous level thermal field analysis have been performed using three different types of pyroelectric sensors, LHI-968, LHI-1148, LHI- 1128 and NDIR thermopile sensor TPD-2T-0625-G2G20, have been used in the Scanning System-2. Thermal analysis of the pyroelectric sensor, transient and harmonic V mathematical models for the sensors and the systems are also presented to establish theoretical basis and to understand the operation of the systems. Robust Dynamic Time Warping (DTW) and Multiclass Support Vector Machines (MSVMs) algorithms with Sequential Minimal Optimization (SMO) heuristic have been utilized with distinctive lower bounded Short-Time Fourier-Transform (STFT) vector reduction algorithm to abridge recognition time in measuring dynamic distances and feature extraction. In second scanning system the direction of intrusion is determined by numerically estimating Time Difference of Arrival (TDOA) of the wave at three sensing nodes that utilized generalized correlation with phase transform technique. Scanning System-1 has been demonstrated to identify thermal gradient of stationary objects in multiple AFZs and recognized thermal patterns with over 95% true recognition rate using only one pyroelectric sensor. Dynamic objects across Fresnel zones and within sub Fresnel zones and their intermission state have been successfully identified with recognition rate of more than 94% using three pyroelectric sensors. For Scanning System- 2, the steering angle of the source is successfully estimated with recognition rate of more than 92%. Evaluation of these scanning systems shown promising results and the author suggests further research can be made in this field.
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