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ڈا کٹر سید ابراہیم ندوی

ڈاکٹر سید ابراہیم ندوی مرحوم
ماہ جون میں جامعہ عثمانیہ حیدرآباد کے شعبہ عربی کے صدر اور ندوۃ العلماء کے ایک لایق فرزند ڈاکٹر سید محمد ابراہیم ندوی کے انتقال کی خبر بھی علمی و دینی حلقوں میں بڑے رنج و غم کے ساتھ سنی گئی، ابھی ان کی عمر تقریباً پچاس برس تھی۔
ان کا اصل وطن استھانواں ضلع پٹنہ ہے، یہاں انکا خاندان اپنے علم و فضل کی وجہ سے نمایاں تھا، ان کے دادا مولانا محمد احسن استھانوی اپنے وقت کے اچھے اہل علم و قلم تھے اور ان کے والد مولانا سید ہاشم ندوی بھی ذی علم بزرگ تھے جو تلاش معاش کے لیے حیدر آباد گئے اور وہیں دائرۃ المعارف سے وابستہ ہوئے، تاریخ کامل ابن اثیر حصہ دوم کا ترجمہ ان کی محنت و کاوش کا نتیجہ ہے جس کو دارالترجمہ نے ۲۷؁ء میں شایع کیا، عرصہ تک دائرۃ المعارف کی عربی کتابیں ان کی تصحیح و حواشی کے ساتھ چھپتی رہیں جس کے آخر میں وہ ناظم بھی ہوگئے تھے، ابن ورید کی المجتنیٰ شایع ہوئی تو اس میں صاحب کتاب کے سوانح انھوں نے دیدہ ریزی سے لکھے جس کی تحسین مولانا سید سلیمان ندویؒ نے کی، انھوں نے اپنے فرزند سید ابراہیم کو دارالعلوم ندوۃ العلما میں تعلیم کے لیے بھیجا جنھوں نے بعد میں ایم۔ اے، پی۔ایچ۔ڈی کی ڈگری بھی حاصل کی اور عثمانیہ یونیورسٹی میں صدر شعبہ عربی کے عہدہ تک ترقی کی مگر ان کی عالمانہ وضع قطع میں فرق نہیں آیا، اپنی پاک و صاف زندگی کی وجہ سے انھوں نے اپنے خاندان اور ادارہ کے نام نیک میں اضافہ ہی کیا، رابطہ ادب اسلامی کے رکن کی حیثیت سے انھوں نے استنبول ترکی کے ایک اہم اجتماع میں شرکت کی، یونیورسٹی کی جانب سے بھی وہ مذاکروں اور مباحثوں میں شریک ہوتے رہے،...

اردو تراجم و تفاسیر میں تفسیر مرادیہ کا مقام و مرتبہ

This is a historical fact that along with Arabs, rather morethan Arabs, the Quranic and Islamic sciences were dealt by the nonArabs. After Arabic, the Persian language attained the status of anIslamic language, and great books were written in Islamic literaturein Persian. After Persian, Urdu succeeded to hold the title of Islamiclanguage. A great many works of Islamic sciences and translationand exegesis of the Qur’ān were rendered into Urdu by the scholarsof the subcontinent and others. It is said that Urdu tafsīr began in the 12th century from theHijrah. As Jamīl Naqī says that the first Tafsīr was "Basā’ir alQur’ān" by Nikhal Shāh Jahānpūrī (114 A. H/1231AD), he points outthat Ḥakīm Muḥammad Ashraf Khān was the first one whotranslated the Qur’ān into Urdu with some comments. Shāh ‘AbdulQādir (1230 AH/1815AD) and Shah Rafi’udddīn followed him. However, Urdu translation and exegesis of the Quran byMurād’ullāh Anṣārī Sanbhalī, a disciple of Mirzā Maẓhar Jan-eJānān, is rightly said to be the earlier work than those of Shāh‘Abdul Qādir and Shāh Rafī’uddīn. However, the first completetranslations were of course of both of them. The Author of this research article, explores and discussesTafsīr-e-Murādiyah and highlights its scholarly merits, whichdetermine its status among the exegetical literature of the Quran.

Improvement in Drought Tolerance and Biomass of Transgenic Wheat Ectopically Expressing E. Coli Glutamate Dehydrogenase Gdha Gene

Drought stress is the major limiting environmental factor in wheat yield. It is thought to be the most crucial factor that hinders crop productivity and poses problems to meet the increasing food demands. So, need is to develop drought tolerant and high yielding varieties to feed the ever increasing population. Wheat is highly calcitrant and poor responsive to tissue culture like other cereal crops. Recent study was conducted with the aims to establish an efficient regeneration protocol for development of transgenic wheat with improved drought tolerance and increased biomass. gdhA is a multifunctional gene reported to improve nitrogen and carbon metabolism, drought and herbicide tolerance and biomass. Regeneration protocol for wheat commercial cultivar Faisalabad-2008 was optimized using different combinations of 2,4-D, carbon source and age of calli. Better regeneratuion response was observed in 3 weeks old calli using 2 mg/L 2,4-D and maltose as carbon source. gdhA of E. coli was transformed using Agrobacterium mediated transformation method. Drought tolerance of putative transgenics calli was evaluated in vitro using different levels of PEG6000. Molecular analysis for presence and expression of transgene was performed. Transgenics alongwith control plants were subjected to different levels of drought stress. Transgenic plants showed 6.2, 13 and 10.1% more RWC and 5.6, 13.4 and 15.4% less saturation water deficit than control plants at moderate, medium, and high level of drought stress respectively. gdhA transgenic plants also showed 10.8% more excised leaf water retention and quick recovery from drought than non-transgenic controls. About 52.2 and 29.73% and 16.47 % more chlorophyll a, b and X+C contents were estimated in transgenic plants than controls. Effect of different levels of drought stress on plant pigments was also measured. Non-transgenic control plants showed 5.71, 20.39 and 15.89% more decrease in chlorophyll A and B contents at medium, mild and high level of drought stress. In control plants 44.74 and 67.39 % more increase in X+C contents in comparison to transgenics at low and medium level of drought stress while 70.98 % decrease was estimated at high level of drought stress. Regarding biomass related parameters were studied. Transgenic plants showed 10, 8.39, 9.69 and 8.02 % increase in number of fertile tillers, spikelets/spike, grains/spike and 1000 grain weight respectively than non-transgenic control plants. The ectopic expression of gdhA gene in transgenic plants resulted in improved drought tolerance and biomass.
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