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سراج منیر

سراج منیر
لاہور سے پروفیسر محمد اسلم، صدر شعبہ تاریخ، پنجاب یونیورسٹی نے اطلاع دی ہے کہ ادارۂ ثقافت اسلامی کے سربراہ اور المعارف کے مدیر اعلیٰ جناب سراج منیر اچانک حرکتِ قلب بند ہوجانے سے انتقال کرگئے، اﷲ تعالیٰ ادارہ کو ان کا نعم البدل عطا کرے اور مرحوم کی مغفرت فرمائے ، دارالمصنفین ان کے اعزہ و ادارہ ٔ ثقافت کے غم میں برابر کا شریک ہے۔ (ضیاء الدین اصلاحی، اکتوبر ۱۹۹۰ء)

اسلامی سلطہ کے قیام پر اقوام غیر مسلم سے معاشرت

Islam is such a unique religion that commoner’s social welfare with its subdomains and conquered subjugated principalities. History of Islam is teemed with its practical instances of social welfare with subjugated states. Conquered nations are dealt with and interacted with i n a way, that their right might not be violated, instead governing power took such steps that helped them to become acquaintances of the conqueror that is why every Islamic government forbade Muslims to usurp the social rights of any minority the subsequent passage historical and analytical study of sociological dealing of Muslim state with non muslim nations is discussed.

Essay Writing in English: from Product to Process

The focus of this study was to help teachers develop an understanding of teaching essay writing through the writing process at the lower secondary level. Two language teachers of the lower secondary level participated in the study. The research study comprised of three stages, the exploratory stage, the intervention stage and the post-intervention stage. After getting the baseline data from the exploratory stage I intervened in various ways, such as sharing literature, giving teachers hands-on practice, involving them in lesson planning, team teaching and initiating discussions during and after each intervention. The purpose of this intervention was to help teachers in making a shift from product to process-oriented writing. The findings of the post- intervention phase reveal that teachers needed more time to develop an understanding of the new learning. Writing Process was found to be a useful strategy but it was difficult to fit it into the existing situation. The problems that were found to be significant was the load of syllabus completion which was making it difficult for teachers to implement Writing Process in essay writing classrooms. Writing Process helped in developing learners' essay writing skills provided sufficient time was allocated for writing. Implications for teachers and teacher educators is also discussed.
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