ڈھاکہ فال کی کہانی
ڈھاکہ فا ل کی کہانی bbcکے مارک ٹیلی کی زبانی (تصویر کے دونوں رخ )
مارک ٹیلی کو اسی کی دہائی میں رہنے والے لوگ تو اچھی طرح جانتے ہین خصوصاََ جیالے کیونکہ چئیر مین بھٹو شہید کے کیس کی بھی ساری کوریج مارک ٹیلی نے کی۔ میں نے پہلی بار مارک ٹیلی کو 5اپریل1979کو قریب سے لیاقت باغ میں چئیر مین بھٹو شہید کے غائبانہ نمازِ جنازہ میں دیکھا جہاں وہ بڑا سا کیمرہ کندھے پر اٹھائے نظر آئے اور انھوں نے ہم سے یہ بھی پوچھا کہ جنازے میں شرکت کے لیے کون کون لیڈر آ رہا ہے ۔مجھے تو خیر اپنا ہو ش نہیں تھا ۔غائبانہ نمازِ جنازہ کا احوال پھر کسی اور موقع پر لکھوں گا ۔۔دماغ جیسے شل تھا ۔4اپریل کی رات بی بی سی پر ان کے بیان پر راولہنڈی کے وکیل وہاب الخیری نے ان کے خلاف مقدمہ بھی درج کروایا ۔وہ خود انڈیا میں پیداہوئے اس لیے اردو ہندی بھی بہت اچھی طرح جانتے تھے ۔اس وڈیو میں انھوں نے ڈھاکہ فال کے بارے میں بتایا اور یہ بھی بتایا کہ ظلم صرف پاکستانی آرمی نے ہی نہیں مکتی باہنی مسلح جنگجوئوں نے بھی کئے مگر ظاہر ہے آرمی کا پلہ بھاری تھا ۔اس لیے مکتی باہنی کے جنگجوئوں کو زیادہ اہمیت نہ دی گئی ۔
Hadith and Science of Hadith are the terms used by specialists of Hadith known as Mohaditeen. A hadith is a recorded statement, action or approval of the Prophet Muhammad (S.A.W). It is considered as the second primary source of Islamic law after Quran. It is also a part of revelation. Prophet Muhammad (S.A.W) described it through his words. The science of hadith examplifies the principles with which a specialist in the field of Hadith evaluates the authenticity and accuracy of narrations. In the past there were two specific and developmental stages for the Books of Hadith terminology. In its 1st stage, the Scholars focused on the compilation of the statements of earlier scholars, quoting the expressions they had used without evaluating those terms or suggesting terms applicable to those expressions. This methodology was adopted by the earlier scholars such as Yaḥyā ibn Ma`īn, `Alī ibn al-Madīnī, Muslim ibn al-Ḥajjāj, and Al – Tirmidi. In the second period the Authors cited the quoted statements of the earlier works and began the collection and codification of relevant terms. In this period, the specific Principles were established. Examples of books authored in this manner are: Ma`rifah `Ulūm al-Ḥadīth by al-Ḥākim, Al-Kifāyah by al-Khaṭīb alBaghdādī and the Introduction of Ibn al-Ṣalāḥ. In this article the two major types of science of Hadith have been mentioned, Rewayat-ul-Hadith and Derayat-ulHadith. Its definition and historical background has been described.
Lead is an important environmental toxic waste which almost contaminate the food, soil, water and air, hence, insects could be influenced easily by the lead. Therefore, lead was studied in the form of lead acetate using different doses. viz 0.125 mg., 0.25 mg., 0.5 mg., 1.0 mg and 2.0 mg, inrespect of its effects on external morphology of Bactrocera dorsalis, Bactrocera zonata, Bactrocera cucurbitae, Drosophila melanogaster and Musca domestica at 48 hours post treatment. It was observed that under the influenced of lead morphological abnormalities were developed in the larvae of flies. Morphological changes were observed as elongated wings, de-shaped wings, elongated and folded legs, change in color of larvae, pupae and adults, several other structural abnormalities of larvae and pupae shape were also observed. It is shown that Dipterous flies could present a useful module for the assessment of lead contamination. The effect of lead acetate on proteins of five species of dipterious flies Bactrocera dorsalis, Bactrocera zonata, Bactrocera cucurbitae, Drosophila melanogaster and Musca domestica were also observed through electrophoresis, while Egg albumin 42.7 kDa was used as a reference protein and various proteins of different weights were found altered.