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المدد

المدد
(ارادھنا)
زندگی بھی، موت بھی تو دیتا ہے
موسموں کے راستے سنوار کر۔۔۔!
ابابیلوں ، بلبلوں اور کبوتروں کو بھیجتا ہے
اے عشق۔۔۔!
پتھروں کو موم کرتے ہوئے بیاباں کو لالہ زار کرنے والے
میں تجھے سبز پتوں پر خط لکھ کر۔۔۔!
لذتِ حقیقت میں ڈوبے چشموں کا۔۔۔،
طواف کرنے والی ہوائوں کے سپرد کروں
تیرے زائروں کی ۔۔۔!
صبح و شام خانقاہی دیواروں کو چومتا پھروں
تو تاثیرِ وصل کی انتہا۔۔۔
تو جوازِ ہجر کا مدعا
خواب کو جھنجھوڑتی ۔۔۔تعبیر کی رگوں میں دوڑتی وفا
اے شافی۔۔۔!
تو ہی بیمار کرتا ہے۔۔۔ تو ہی شفا دیتا ہے
اے خالقِ ارض و سما۔۔۔ اے طبیب ِ کون و مکاں۔۔!
میرا وسیلہ ہے خیر الوریٰ۔۔۔ المد دالمدد۔۔!
یا محصی ، یا محیطُ۔۔۔ المد دالمدد

میں بہلول کی باتیں اطمینان سے سنتا رہا کیونکہ اس کی باتوں میں کہیں کہیں نثری نظم کا اسلوب خوب صورت انداز میں نظر آیا تھا۔ وہ سامنے والے شخص کی فکر آلود سوچ کو معنویت کے ساتھ ، شفق کی تعلق داری میںلے آنے کا ماہر نظر آتا تھا۔ اسی لیے میں نے اپنے قیام کوطویل کرنے کا سوچا ۔ شاید وہ میری سوچ کو پڑھ چکا تھا۔ اسی لیے وہ میرے بولنے سے پہلے بول پڑا۔
اُس نے میری طرف دیکھتے ہوئے کہا۔۔۔خوشبو قید نہیں ہو سکتی۔ شاخیں ہوں گی تو پھول کھل سکے گا۔ بصورتِ دیگر صرف اک بیج ہے جس میں ساری دنیا قید ہے۔ اگر بیج کو سازگار موسم ، زمین ، روشنی اور پانی ملے گا تب ہی وہ روشنی، ہوا کے ساتھ پرندوں کو اپنی طرف بلانے کے قابل ہو گا۔ اسی لیے میں ایک جگہ رہ نہیں سکتا۔ آج ہوائوں کے ساتھ سورج سے باتیں کر رہا ہوں۔۔۔کل نہ جانے کہاں۔۔۔ستاروں کے ساتھ سرگوشیاں کرتے ہوئے، کس حالت میں پڑا...

Aristotle’s Virtue of Justice as an Ethical Solution to Political Corruption: Analysis and Reflection

This paper attempts to discuss Aristotle’s concept of justice as an ethical solution to political corruption. The goal of this paper is to present corruption as a form of injustice that deprives the majority from a common good. This paper is very important because it provides ethical solution to grand corruption whereby unscrupulous individuals divert funds meant for development of the entire society into private hands. Due to grand corruption the poor masses are deprived of quality basic needs. The paper focuses on corruption as an immoral act through the lens of Aristotle’s ethical and political insights. The virtue of justice in Aristotle’s ethical and political works are spelled out. The methodology used in this paper is analytical and applied. It is analytical because it analyses Aristotle’s understanding of virtue of justice in his moral theory especially in his book entitled Nicomachean Ethics and justice in his political theory. Finally, the paper makes subsequent applications of Aristotle’s virtue of justice in the realm of ethical solutions to the problem of corruption.

Mutational Analysis of Complete Coding Sequence of Toll-Like Receptor-2 Gene in Friesian and Bhagnari Cattle of Pakistan

The present study aimed to study the distribution of single nucleotide polymorphisms in toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2) gene in two important cattle breeds Friesian (locally adopted) and Bhagnari (indigenous) of Pakistan. TLR2 is a key receptor in the innate immune system by recognizing a variety of microbial ligands known as pathogen associated molecular patterns (PAMPs). To date, ten TLRs (TLR1 to TLR10) have been discovered in cattle. In this research work, DNA samples of the included breeds were provided by Molecular Biology and Biotechnology laboratories, Virtual University of Pakistan. The DNA samples were quantified and used for PCR amplification through six pairs of primers enclosed complete gene. The complete bovine TLR2 gene showed two exons with CDS of 2355 bp encoding 784 aa long protein with predicted molecular weight 104 kDa and 6.97 pI value. Twenty samples of each breed were amplified and sequenced for mutational analysis. A total of nineteen (19) polymorphisms were detected in the CDS of TLR2 gene in Friesian cattle. Among them six polymorphisms were non-synonymous at positions p.63E>D, p.326Q>H, p.337K>R, p.417S>N, p.563H>R, p.665Q>H and thirteen polymorphisms were synonymous. Thirteen were transition type six were transversion type mutation. One polymorphism was identified as novel and rest were reported in earliest studies. Eleven variations were observed in the ECD, two in transmembrane and five were detected in TIR domain. A total of seven polymorphisms were detected in the CDS of TLR2 in Bhagnari cattle. Five polymorphisms were non-synonymous at positions p.147Q>P, p.227L>F, p.335I>T, p.345S>N and p.605M>T and two polymorphisms were synonymous. Five polymorphisms were transition type and two were transversion type mutations. Three of them were identified as novel variations. Four polymorphisms were observed in the ECD, one in transmembrane and two were TIR domain. SNPs identified in EC domain in both breeds fell within the leucine-rich repeats (LRR) region that responsible for ligand recognition. The ratio of dS/dN substitutions was <1 at polymorphic-sites indicating purifying selection. The deduced amino acid sequence revealed a signal peptide (20 amino acids) conserved EC domain (54-584 amino acids) with 20 motifs of leucine rich repeats (LRR), transmembrane domain (585-607 amino acids) and Toll-IL receptor domain (633-783 amino acids). The 3D structure of TLR2 in both breeds is to be solenoid structure based on the positions of LRR. Phylogenetic analysis was performed revealed clustering of Bhagnari with Bos indicus and Friesian with Bos taurus as the nearest neighbor. The polymorphisms in TLR2 can be useful in future research exploring its role in immunity and may use as a marker for disease resistance by selective breeding.
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