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مولانا مفتی مہدی حسن شاہ جہاں پوری

مولانا مفتی مہدی حسن شاہجہاں پوری
آہ! کیوں کر کہئے کہ علم وفضل اورتحقیق وتدقیق کی ایک اورشمع روشن گزشتہ ماہ کی ۲۹؍ تاریخ کوگل ہوگئی یعنی مولانا مفتی سید مہدی حسن صاحب شاہجہانپوری نے اپنے وطن میں وفات پائی ،مولانا کاسلسلۂ نسب بیس (۲۰) واسطوں سے حضرت شیخ عبدالقادر جیلانیؒ سے ملتا ہے، ساتویں پشت میں آپ کے جدِّ امجد سیدابو اسحٰق ابراہیم عہدِ شاہجہانی میں بغداد سے ہندوستان آئے اور اورنگ آباد میں مقیم ہوگئے،حضرت مفتی صاحب ۱۳۰۰ ہجری میں شاہجہانپور کے محلہ کاکاخیل میں پیدا ہوئے ابتدائی تعلیم وطن میں پائی۔ مفتی کفایت اﷲ صاحب کے مدرستہ امینیہ دہلی میں درسیات کی تکمیل کی پھر دیوبند جاکر حضرت شیخ الہندؒ سے صحیح بخاری اورترمذی کا درس لیا۔ اگرچہ بیعت حضرت مولانا رشید احمد صاحب گنگوہیؒ سے تھے لیکن خلافت واجازت حضرت کے خلیفۂ مجاز مولانا شیخ شفیع الدین مہاجر مکی ؒ سے لی۔کم و بیش تیس برس راندیر ضلع سورت میں مقیم رہ کر درس وافتاکی خدمات انجام دیں، پھر صدرمفتی کے عہدہ پر دیوبندچلے گئے۔ تقریباً اٹھارہ برس کے بعد مسلسل بیماری اور ضعیفی کے باعث وطن چلے گئے ،یہاں آخر دم تک صاحبِ فراش ہونے کے باوجود افتااورمطالعہ ٔ کتب کامشغلہ برابر جاری رہا۔حدیث اورفقہ مولانا کے خاص فن تھے،چھوٹی بڑی متعدد کتابیں تصنیف کیں،لیکن علمی تحقیق وتدقیق، دقّتِ نظر اوروسعتِ مطالعہ کاشاہکار یہ کتابیں ہیں،(۱) امام محمد کی کتاب الحجۃ علی اہل المدینہ کی تحقیق وترتیب اوراُس پر تعلیقات و حواشی،پوری کتاب میں ہے لیکن حیدرآباد سے دوجلدیں شائع ہوئی ہیں، (۲) امام محمد کی کتاب الآثار کی شرح تین ضخیم جلدوں میں یہ بھی حیدرآباد سے شائع ہوئی ہیں، (۳) مؤطاامام محمد کی شرح، (۴) علامہ ابن حزم کی کتاب المحلی پرتنقید جوغالباً مکمل نہیں ہوئی۔ علمی اور تحقیقی کمالات کے ساتھ شعروادب کا ذوق بھی بڑا شگفتہ تھا،...

The Effects of the Local Government Act of 2013 on Governance and Development: A Case Study of Chitral, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa

This research examines the impact of the Local Government Act of 2013 on governance and development, with a specific focus on the district of Chitral in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan. Employing a comprehensive case study methodology, this study assesses the legislative reforms' effects on local governance structures, service delivery, and community engagement. Through rigorous data collection and analysis, this research aims to provide a nuanced understanding of the Act's implications for grassroots governance and socio-economic development in the region. The findings contribute to broader discussions on local governance reforms and their effectiveness in enhancing public service delivery and community participation.

Genotoxicity of Cadmium and Alleviation of Cd Toxicity by Certain Hormones and Chemicals on Mungbean Vigna Radiata Genotypes

Continuous exposure of cadmium (Cd) not only causing deleterious effects on plants but also it is the major issue concerning human health through its entry to food chain. Cd is naturally present in soil or anthropogenically released in the environment. It can easily be translocated to vegetative or edible parts of plants. To limit its exposure to human it is important to select tolerant genotypes that must retain most of Cd in roots and also reduces the physiological and biochemical disturbances in plants. Mungbean is second most edible leguminous crop in Pakistan, rich in proteins and other nutrients. It has the ability to fix soil nitrogen, hence increase soil fertility so widely used as rotational crop. Less research has been done regarding metal toxicity for local mungbean genotypes. In this research, mitigation strategies like application of phytohormones and proline were applied to reduce Cd toxicity in mungbean thus will be helpful in increasing its yield and will help in the screening of tolerant and sensitive genotypes of Pakistan. In the first experiment, eight local mungbean genotypes were grown in hydroponics culture, then were exposed to 0.1 µM Cd for two weeks, and saved for morpho physiological analysis. Growth parameters were decreased during Cd stress. Higher tolerance index for plant dry weight was observed in AZRI-2006 and lowest in NM-51. Xylem sap was collected to analyze Cd accumulation and translocation from roots to shoots. More Cd translocation from roots to shoots via xylem will negatively affect plants and make them sensitive. We observed more Cd translocation factor (4.26%) in NM-51 with worst plant vigor and lower TF (1.47%) in AZRI-2006 with best plant vigor. However NM 19-19 translocated more Cd (4.54%) which was even higher than NM-51 but with good vigor, hence can be used in phytoremediation at Cd contaminated fields as it will absorb more Cd from soil however it is not advised to consume any of NM 19-19 part as food. Second experiment was performed in Petri dishes for the evaluation of eight mungbean genotypes under Cd stress (0.3 mM and 0.5 mM) and its alleviation by pretreatment with phytohormones (100 µM GA3 and 50 µM SA) and proline (5 mM) prior to Cd. Inhibition xxiii in growth, chlorophyll content and total protein in a dose dependent manner, along with increase in antioxidant enzymes (APX, CAT, GPX and SOD) activities were observed in Cd stress. Hydrolytic enzymes (α-amylase and alkaline invertase) activities were decreased under Cd stress with increased activity of acid phosphatase. On the other hand free proline, tannin, H2O2 and MDA content of untreated samples were lower in comparison to Cd treated samples. However, pretreatment with phytohormones and proline prior to Cd stress was found to improve all morphological parameters, alteration in antioxidant and hydrolytic enzymes activities along with decrease in tannin, H2O2 and MDA content. Furthermore, cytogenetic analysis exhibited decrease in mitotic index (MI %) of root cells under Cd stress with various chromosomal aberrations like C-mitosis, laggard, stickiness and fragmentation. Pretreatments before applying Cd were able to decrease the frequencies of chromosomal aberrations. On the basis of above analyzed parameters, it can be concluded that AZRI-2006 was tolerant and NM-51 was sensitive genotype for Cd stress. Tolerant genotype can give better yield with no or less Cd accumulation in plant parts when grown in Cd contaminated area, hence advised to grow AZRI-2006 in such soils. NM 19-19 is such a genotype that absorb Cd in plants with good vigor, therefore it can be grown in Cd contaminated areas to reduce Cd amount in soil and this land can later be used for the cultivation of other crops. Furthermore, priming with phytohormones and proline can be environmental friendly, economical and simple mitigation strategy for Cd stress.
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