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فلسفہ

فلسفہ
گلِ مریم کے لہجے کی تصویر۔۔۔!
جھیل کی تنہائی میں اتر رہی تھی
ذہن حیرت میں ڈوبا’’ لا‘‘ اور ’’اِلّا‘‘ کا ۔۔۔!
دل سے فلسفہ پوچھ رہا تھا
جب دستِ چراغ پر۔۔۔
شبنمی ہوابیعت کر رہی تھی

Perceptions of Pakistani Society About Western Enlightenment: An Analysis in the Light of Islamic Teachings

The study was conducted to examine some of the important questions raised by both the religious scholars and the proponents of the Enlightenment movement. The purpose of the study was to interpret enlightenment in Western and Islamic context and to examine the impact of western enlightenment on contemporary Pakistani society in the light of Islamic teachings. The study was quantitative in nature. Survey was conducted to probe into the perceptions of the Pakistani people regarding impact of western enlightenment on various aspects of contemporary Pakistani society. The sample of the study was 1000 people from four provincial headquarters of Pakistan including male and female from urban and rural areas of the provincial capitals. Two research instruments were developed by the researcher based on review of the related literature. First was a questionnaire named WEBI, Western Enlightenment Beliefs Inventory; second was a checklist named WEKAPC, Western Enlightenment Knowledge, Attitude and Practices Checklist. Results showed that most of the respondents were of the view that western enlightenment exerted significant influences on their thinking, lifestyles, and education, culture, media and social practices. Majority of the respondents thought that western enlightenment emphasized on tolerance, cultural harmony, equality, social justice and independent thinking. Gender-wise comparisons indicated that male respondents were more positive towards western enlightenment than the female respondents. It was recommended that Pakistani society needs to be made aware of the philosophy of western enlightenment and Islamic values which are characteristics of western enlightenment movement. There is need to initiate interfaith dialogue to understand socio-cultural dynamics of a Muslim society and a western society.

Dynamics of Inflation, Exchange Rates and Inflation Targeting in Pakistan

This study examines inflation and the choice of monetary policy regime in Pakistan. Using the annual series of 1970-71 to 2008-09 and the monthly series of 1990:M1- 2007:M9, the study employs unstructured VAR, Time Varying Parameter and State Space models for understanding the dynamics of inflation and monetary policy in Pakistan. It is observed that the Consumer Price Index (CPI), the official measure of inflation in Pakistan, has not only an upward bias but also has methodological deficiencies. Further, the study investigates the direction of causation between the CPI, money supply, exchange rate, interest rate, oil prices, and fiscal deficit to conclude that there exists bidirectional causality between the CPI and call money rate. Analysis of determinants of inflation shows that inflation in Pakisan is monetary in nature: inflation, interest rate and money supply move together. The study then goes on to find that inflation generates negative shocks and it can, therefore, hamper growth. It infers that there is no evidence of the accelerationist hypothesis in Pakistan. Furthermore, it is shown that forward-looking expectations of households and businesses play an important role in causing inflation in the country. In this context, the study provides information on the issue of volatility and uncertainty arising from unstable monetary rules. It confirms that the State Bank of Pakistan does not have an aggressive policy for controlling inflation and minimzing output gap. The study thus seeks to contribute to the debate on discretionary versus rule-based monetary policy to explore what suits best the case of Pakistan. It also comments on the choice of instruments for controlling inflation. Finally, the study concludes that the fact that Pakistan has faced a volatile but moderate inflation rate in the period under review makes her a potential candidate for inflation targeting.
Asian Research Index Whatsapp Chanel
Asian Research Index Whatsapp Chanel

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