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تقریظ دوم

تقریظ دوئم
بسم اللہ الرحمن الرحیم
نحمدہٗ و نصلی علی رسولہِ الکریم
زیر نظر کتاب ’’ نگارشاتِ راشد‘‘ کی ورق گردانی کرتے ہوئے مختلف مقامات پر بنظر تعمق توجہ کی جس کو پڑھ کر انتہائی مسرّت ہوئی کہ حافظ محمد اکرم راشدؔنے انتہائی محنت، لگن اور خدمتِ خلق کے جذبہ سے سرشار ہو کر عوام النّاس کے لیے بالعموم اور طلباء کے لیے بالخصوص مقالات کے مجموعہ کو’’ نگارشات راشد‘‘ کے عنوان سے مُدّون کیا۔ جس کی عصرِ حاضر میں بہت ضرورت ہے ۔ اِن تقریروں اور تحریروں کے مجموعہ سے طلباء کو مضمون اور تقریر کے تیار کرنے میں کوئی دقت پیش نہ آئے گی۔ موصوف نے اپنی اِن تحریروں کے ذریعے ترغیبی انداز اختیار کرتے ہوئے دینی نقطۂ نظر سے بھی شائقین مطالعہ کی راہنمائی کی ہے ۔ یہ طلباء کے لیے ایک انمول تحفہ ہے ۔ تحریر میں جامعیت، اختصار ، مناسبت ، روانی اور مقفّع و مسجّع عبارتیں موصوف کی اِس فن سے آشنائی پر دَال ہیں ۔ ؎ اللہ کرے زورِ قلم اور زیادہ!
یہ گزارشاتِ راشد
یہ سفارشاتِ راشد
حکمت کا ہیں خزینہ
یہ نگارشاتِ راشد
امین بجاہ سید المرسلین
پروفیسر اکرام تائب
سابق صدر شعبہ (ادبیات اردو)
گورنمنٹ پوسٹ گریجو ایٹ کالج ،عارفوالا

علوم حدیث پر برصغیر کی اردو کتب کا تعارفی و تجزیاتی مطالعہ

The Hadith were account usually brief of the words and actions of the beloved Prophet, [May Allah Bless him and grant him peace]. As Such, they were subjected to intense security by generations of Muslim Scholars. The Principles to authenticate and document this literature along with it peculiar terminology called Usool-e-Hadith. This unique Science is a historic achievement of early Muslim scholars, having and history of centuries contributing to its evolution. In the opinion of the Late 'Allama Rashid Rida of Egypt, "The Indian Muslims are playing the leading role in the diffusion and dissemination of Hadith learning in the world to-day. As a matter of fact, according to him, but for the painstaking labour of the Indian Muslims towards the cultivation of the science of al-Hadith, it would have well nigh died down." A number of Scholars in the Indo-Pak sub-continent have produced an extensive work on the subject in Urdu language as well, during last century. My Research work focuses on analytical study of the same books on Usool-e-Hadith.

Alleviation of Salt-Induced Adverse Effects by Exogenously Applied 5-Aminolevulinic Acid in Sunflower Helianthus Annuus L.

Keeping in view the substantial role of a newly discovered plant growth regulator, aminolevulinic acid (ALA), in salinity tolerance, an initial experiment was carried-out to optimize ALA dose at which sunflower plants showed maximum response in terms of different gas exchange characteristics, chlorophyll pigments and growth under saline conditions. After fifteen days of seed germination, two sunflower cultivars (ORI-42B and ORI-48B), were subjected to 0 (control) or 150 mM NaCl. Ten varying levels of ALA (0, 10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60, 70, 80 and 100 mg L -1 ) were applied as a foliar spray to 32-day old plants. Of all ALA levels, 20, 50 and 80 mg L -1 were relatively more effective in improving photosynthetic rate, chlorophyll a and b, a/b ratio, photosynthetic rate (A), water-use efficiency (WUE), transpiration rate (E) and stomatal conductance (gs) in both cultivars of sunflower under non-saline and saline conditions. Overall, ALA-induced growth improvement in salt stressed sunflower plants was positively correlated with A and chlorophyll pigments. The three levels (20, 50 and 80 mg L -1 ) of ALA found relatively more effective in the first experiment were used in the yield experiment to appraise the role of ALA in detail on growth, yield, seed oil contents and a variety of physio-biochemical attributes in two sunflower cultivars (Hysun-33 and S-278). The ALA treatments were applied as a foliar-spray after 21-day of salt (NaCl) treatments. Salt stress caused a significant suppression in gas exchange characteristics, chlorophyll contents, essential nutrients in addition to growth, yield, oil percentage and α-tocopherols of seed oils, while enhanced tissue Na + and Cl - , proline, GB, relative membrane permeability (RMP), H 2 O 2 , MDA and activities of CAT, POD and SOD in both sunflower cultivars. Of both sunflower cultivars, cv. S-278 was higher in growth, proline, SOD activity, while, cv. Hysun-33 in α-tocopherols under saline regimes. Foliar-applied different levels of ALA were effective in improving root fresh and dry weights, chlorophyll a, seed-oil α-tocopherols, water relation attributes, K + /Na + ratio and SOD activity and decreased seed oil contents under control and saline regimes. Overall, ALA was found to be effective in causing root fresh and dry weights improvement in sunflower plants which was found to be due to increased chlorophyll a, leaf K + /Na + ratio, seed-oil α-tocopherols, leaf SOD activity, and decreased leaf H 2 O 2 and RMP.
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