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97. Al-Qadr/Great Eminence

97. Al-Qadr/Great Eminence

I/We begin by the Blessed Name of Allah

The Immensely Merciful to all, The Infinitely Compassionate to everyone.

97:01
a. Indeed, WE began sending this down – The Qur’an –during the later part of the Night of Great Eminence.

97:02
a. And what will enable you to perceive the value, honor, magnificence of the Night of Great Eminence?

97:03
a. The Night of Great Eminence is better than the nights of a thousand months of worship and meditation.

97:04
a. The Angels descend in it and the Spirit - again and again - by the Command of their
Rabb - The Lord, for every matter of significance.

97:05
a. Spiritual peace of the Night prevails till the rising of the dawn.

الفتح الربانى لترتيب مسند الامام احمد بن حنبل الشيبانى میں شیخ احمد عبدالرحمن البنا الساعاتی کا منہج و اسلوب

Former Egyptian Muḥaddithīn of the each centuries have played a well-regarded, venerated and esteemed role in services of Ḥadīth and its sciences. Their outstanding contribution in this regard has been appreciated in each century of Islamic history. Those Muḥaddithīn have left valuable work on Ḥadīth and its sciences in their popular and basic sources of Ḥadīth for coming generations. Muḥaddithīn of 20th century were not less than the former in their involvement in the field of Hadith. Their dynamic and marvelous efforts are needed to be unveiled for scholars and students of Ḥadīth. Al-shaykh Abdur Raḥmān al Banna Al sāʻātī is known as one of the prominent Egyptian Muḥaddithīn in 20th century. He made extraordinary efforts in the field of Ḥadīth and its sciences through compiling and writing various remarkable books in this regard. His marvelous work in Alfatḥ Al-Rabbānī li Tartīb Musnad Al-Imām Aḥmad bin Hanbal Al-Shaybānī on Musnad Imām Aḥmad bin Hanbal in its rearranging, categorizing and organizing its Ḥadīth is deserved to be cherished and focused on due to its significance and importance in the field of Ḥadīth. He is the first Muḥaddith who presented the Aḥādīth of Musnad in seven outstanding chapters to facilitate the researchers in their accessing to the main theme of the Musnad. In this paper the life sketch of Al-Shayk Abdur Raḥmān, his scholarly contribution in the field of Ḥadīth and his methodology in his renowned book alfatḥ al-Rabbānī has been discussed and highlighted its valuable aspects.

Managing Complexity in Governance Networks: the Case of Energy Sector in Pakistan

Governance networks are emerging as a prominent feature of contemporary public administration where different actors are in a position to exert power on public organizations exposing them to conflicting demands. Moreover, public organizations are exposed to contradictory institutional pressures as they try to attend to numerous and sometimes-conflicting prescriptions from different reform models. Whilst, the presence of contradictory institutional logics is well recognized, how organizations cope with the challenge of contradictory institutional logics remains under researched. A largely prevailing argument is that organizations indecisively conform to institutional pressures where new logic replaces the prior one. This argument provides an over simplified explanation of this complex phenomenon because organizations may use diverse strategies (and at-times hybrid responses) to incorporate multiple logics at the same time. Responding to this literature gap, this study addresses how public organizations experience and manage institutional complexity in the contemporary network arrangements in the public sector. This study uses a multi-level framework for analyzing institutional complexity incorporating macro-level sectoral reforms that present contradictory logics to organizations; the meso-level network characteristics that shape the complexity for the embedded organizations; and micro-level organizational attributes that enable them to handle complexity by choosing appropriate strategies. The study adopts an abductive research approach using case study research design taking Pakistan’s energy sector as the case; power network as the embedded unit (within the energy sector) for network analysis; and two public sector utilities (LESCO and IESCO) as embedded units within power network for organizational analysis. iii The study finds that diverse reform trajectories have exposed the energy sector to three competing institutional logics including traditional public administration (TPA) logic, new public management (NPM) logic and new public governance (NPG) logic, exposing the public organizations to institutional complexity. Additionally, under NPM-based fragmentation and NPG-based integration reforms, there is drastic shift in energy sector from vertically integrated bureaucracies to a web of autonomous organizations working in governance networks. Three notable characteristics of the power network are fragmentation, centralization and trust, which play a critical role in shaping the complexity for embedded organizations. The study finds that the embedded organizations (LESCO and IESCO) have incorporated multiple and conflicting institutional prescriptions through the strategies of differentiated hybridity (where diverse logics are addressed separately) and blended hybridity (where logics are blended for new solutions). In this regard, the critical attributes of organizations, that can enable them to better handle institutional complexity, include their task, leadership and governance structure. The study supports the argument of institutional logics perspective that the organizations actively incorporate multiple institutional pressures by developing hybrid solutions. This study contributes to existing literature by providing an explanation of how organizations respond varyingly to institutional pressures while choosing appropriate strategies. Moreover, it captures the emergence, structure and characteristics of governance networks in contemporary public administration in developing countries. It also delineates policy implications for the energy sector crises in Pakistan from a governance point of view.
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