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پروفیسر محمد نعیم الرحمن

پروفیسر محمد نعیم الرحمن
پروفیسر محمد نعیم الرحمن مرحوم ریڈر شعبۂ عربی و فارسی الہ آباد یونیورسٹی کی وفات علمی حلقہ کا بڑا المناک سانحہ ہے، مرحوم مشہور مصنف و مترجم مولوی خلیل الرحمن صاحب مرحوم صاحب اندلسیات کے خلف الصدق اور خود ممتاز صاحب علم اور علم و فن کے خدمت گزار تھے، عربی، فارسی اور انگریزی کے علاوہ فرنچ اور عبرانی سے بھی واقف تھے، عربی زبان سے ان کا تعلق محض درس و تعلیم تک محدود نہ تھا، بلکہ ان کو اس کا ذوق اور ان میں اس کی خدمت کا جذبہ تھا، انجمن عربی صوبہ متحدہ کے معتمد اور اس کے سرگرم کارکن تھے، انھوں نے الہ آباد یونیورسٹی میں عربی کی اہمیت اور مسلمان طالب علموں میں اس کا ذوق قائم رکھا، بہت سے علمی اور تعلیمی اداروں کے رکن اور ممبر تھے، تصنیف و تالیف سے بھی ذوق تھا، متعدد کتابوں کے مصنف، مترجم اور مرتب تھے، عربی و فارسی کی بہت سی درسی کتابیں لکھیں، ان کی قلمی یادگاروں میں مورخ عبدالواحد مراکشی تمیمی کی ’’المعجب فی تخلیص اخبار المغرب‘‘ کا اردو ترجمہ خلافت موحدین خصوصیت کے ساتھ لائق ذکر ہے، مرحوم کی عمر پچپن چھپن سال سے زیادہ نہ تھی اور صحت ایسی تھی کہ مشکل سے پینتالیس سال کے معلوم ہوتے تھے، چند مہینے بیمار رہ کر، ۲۷؍ فروری کو انتقال کیا، اﷲ تعالیٰ اس خادم علم کو نعیم جنت سے سرفراز فرمائے۔ (شاہ معین الدین ندوی،اپریل ۱۹۵۰ء)

 

سد الذرائع حقيقته ونماذج من تطبيقاته المعاصرة

Today’s world is a global village. Societies affect each other far deeper and faster than ever. New problems are sprouting with every coming day. We feel that the cultural issues are the most significant ones in this context. The question is how we should deal with these problems. To us, the solution lies in the concept of Sadd al-Dharā’i‘(prevention), one of the instruments of Sharī‘ah (Islamic Law). Such is its importance as all the four schools of thought are of the same opinion about its scope. A cultural change if drives Muslims away from the objectives of Sharī‘ah, it will have to be stopped or altered to suit the objectives, but if it leads to something good without damaging the objectives of Sharī‘ah, it will be accepted. New problems are multifarious. We need to bring ijtihād into practice and solve such problems. This research article discusses the concept of Sadd al-Dharā’i‘(prevention.), its meaning, definition, and scope. It also discusses different opinions of scholars. The author of this paper, then, deliberates its use for its applications to solve the new problems being faced by the Muslims across the world.

Synthesis and Characterization of Organotin Iv Complexes With Donor Ligands

Organotin(/V) complexes with the general formulae R"SnL4''n and R,,sn2L,, ( R= alkyl, L = monomethyl glUlarate, monomethyl phthalate, monomethyl (2-phenyl gllllarate) and SchifJbases of2-aminophenol and salicylaldehyde) have been prepared. These complexes have been synthesized by the reaction of organolin(lV) halides with ligand in the presence of a base. Further, some diorganolin(iV) complexes have been synthesized by the reaction of organotin(lV) oxide with the ligand. The reaction Is carried OUi at the reflux temperature of benzene while water formed during the reaction is cont/nuously removed by means of a Dean alld Stark apparatus, The reactioll of organotln(lV) oxides with organic acids is more economical and gives beller purities as the reaction of organotin(lV) haUdes with organiC acid, in the presence of a base. These complexes have been characterized by elemental analyses and molar condut''livily The chemical bondings in these complexes have been discussed in terms of their JR. i 11-, and il9Sn-NMR, mass and I19Sn-lvfossbauer spec/ral studies, The I II and 1JC chemical shift assignments of the organotin moiely are straightforward from the mulliplicity and illlensity pal/ern, whereas the ligand skelelons were assigned by multiplicity pal/ern and I or resonance inlensilies of signals as well as their coupling conSlanls, The alkyl groups aI/ached to the Iin(l~J atom have been assigned by Ihe comparison of experimental chemical shifts with those calculated from incremelllal methods or compared to Ihe liIeralUre dala, The monomeric I: 1 complexes have trigonal bipyramidal geometry with equilorial organic groups. the dimeric /, complexes have ocl(liledr(ll geometry while complexes derived .from a Schiff base of 2-aminphenol and salicylaldehyde have tetrahedral geometries. Mass spectrum analyses reveallhal Ihe primary decomposition is due 10 the loss of a ligand in case of diorganotin(l V) complexes along with Ihe successive elimination of a C02 molecule while in Iriorganotin(IV) complexes Ihe primary decomposition is due /0 the loss of an alkyl group along with Ihe elimination of a CO, molecule, III The geometry assigned 10 Ihese complexes is well supported by infrared and Mossbauer silldies, All these complexes, soluble in DMSO and DMF have been screened against a wide spectrum of bacleria (Bacillus sublilh Slapholococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Schigella flexenari, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Salmonella typh) and fungi (C.copsici, C.glocosporiodes, A, brassicico/a, A, bra5sicae, !/. graminium, The ALDso values have been determined with albino ralS, Some oflhe complexes exhibited very high anti-inflammatory activities, The cylostalic activity of the complexes has been assayed aga/nsf the established cell line KB, which has been derived from a human oral epidermoid carcinoma, The results obtained are qllile promiSing Overall, triorganotin(lV) derivatives exhibit signt{icanlly beller activilies than fhe diorganolin(JV) complexes,
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