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اسلام میں تحقیق کے اصول

موضوع 2:اسلام میں تحقیق کے اصول
قرآن پاک کی روشنی میں تحقیق کی اہمیت:
اسلام ایک مکمل ضابطہ حیات ہے جس کی بنیاد قرآن پاک پر قائم ہے۔اس میں قیامت تک کے انسانوں کے لیے رہنمائی موجود ہے۔ اس میں ہدایات، احکام،اصول و کلیات پر مشتمل بنیادی باتیں بیان کی گئی ہیں۔اسلام وہ واحد آفاقی مذہب ہے جو رہبانیت کی نفی کرتا ہے اور سچائی تک پہنچنے کے لیے کسی حد تک عقل کے استعمال کی اجازت دیتا ہے کیونکہ تحقیق و تجربے سے غوروفکر سے پہلو تہی کرنا حقائق تک پہنچنے کی راہ میں رکاوٹ پیدا کرتا ہے۔
ایسے موضوعات جو انسانی عقل سے مابعد طبیعاتMetaphysics مثلا اللہ تعالی کی ذات اورصفات وغیرہ سے متعلق ہیں اسلام ان کے بارے میں سوچ و بچار کی اجازت نہیں دیتا ہیے۔ ایسے سوالات ہیں جومحدود انسانی عقل میں نہیں سما سکتے ان کا علم صرف وحی کے ذریعے سے ہی حاصل ہو سکتا ہے۔ان کے علاوہ ہر وہ موضوع جس کا تعلق فلاح انسانی سے ہے۔ قرآن پاک میں جابجا غوروفکر کی دعوت دی گئی ہے۔جن میں سے چند آیات کریمہ درج ذیل ہیں۔
1۔سورۃالنساء کی آیت نمبر 82 میں اللہ تعالی فرماتے ہیں:
"تو کیا لوگ قرآن پر غور نہیں کرتے۔اگر یہ اللہ کے سوا کسی اور کی طرف سے ہوتا تو اس میں تفاوت پاتے۔"
2۔سورۃمحمد کی آیت نمبر 24 میں اللہ تعالی فرماتے ہیں:
"تو کیا یہ لوگ قرآن میں غور نہیں کرتے یا دلوں پر کفر لگ گئے ہیں۔"
3۔سورۃ الانعام کی آیت نمبر50 میں اللہ تعالی فرماتے ہیں:
"آپ کہیے کہ اندھا اور بینا کہیں برابر ہو سکتے ہیں؟ کیا تم غور نہیں کرتے۔"
ان آیات کریمہ کے مطالعے سے معلوم ہوتا ہے کہ حق تعالی نے قرآن پاک کے ذریعے انسان کو غوروفکر یعنی تحقیق کرنے کا حکم دیا۔
اسلام میں...

Persecution of Press in Sindh: Case Study of Al-Waheed and Watan Newspapers during Political Movements, 1920-22

The purpose of this research was to study the persecution of press in Sindh during the currency of Pan-Indian political movements known as Khilafat and Non-Cooperation Movements, during 1920-22. In this regard the case study of two popular newspapers, Al-Waheed and Watan, were conducted to understand the mechanism of monitoring and controlling the newspapers in Sindh by the colonial rulers. The study explores the political landscape of Sindh in particular and India in general during those turbulent times as well as examines the state of journalism in the province at that time. With the help of the case study of two popular newspapers, the study highlights the mechanism adopted by the colonial government for monitoring and controlling the press in Sindh. In this regard the archival official records as well as translations of the critical articles published in those newspapers were accessed at the India Office Records (IOR) section of British Library, London. The methodology adopted for the current study mainly comprised historical, analytical and content analysis. The study concludes that the press in Sindh faced severe hardships at the hands of the British government through a coercive mechanism with active involvement and concurrence of all the capitals of Sindh’s governance, i.e. Karachi, Bombay, Delhi and London. The study is first of its kind that highlights the role played and sacrifices rendered by press in Sindh for the freedom of press during colonial rule in 192022. ______

Synthesis and Characterization of Polyurethane Acrylate Copolymers

In this modern era, a world without synthetic polymers is incredible. In spectacle of rapidly depleting natural resources, synthetic polymers have become an elegant alternative. Polyurethanes are one of these, that have been developed as an exclusive class of polymers with wide variety of applications in foams, elastomers, coatings, sealants, textile finishing, automotive, insulation and footwear industries. Polyurethane based coating systems have a proven record in the coatings industry dominating the market in some applications because they exhibit a high level of quality. These coatings allow high variability of the property profile and can be fitted for a specific application by changing, the chemical structure of the constituents or the molecular weight and degree of branching of the chains. Polyurethane coatings are in general more expensive. Polyurethane chemistry permits the amalgamation of functional groups which can be used to modify properties. To take advantage of polyurethane film-forming properties, a combination with cheaper materials is now a common practice in the coating market, leading to new different products. Of the most popular second components, one is the acrylic dispersion and the new product combines the excellent mechanical and chemical properties of the polyurethane resin with the low price of the acrylic component. In current project polyurethane coatings were prepared by the copolymerization of polyurethane with the butyl acrylate. Different series of polyurethane acrylate copolymers containing different monomeric constituents i.e. diisocyanates and polyols, in different proportions with butyl acrylate were synthesized by emulsion polymerization and characterized successfully. The synthesis of these copolymers was completed in three steps i.e. synthesis of polyurethane prepolymers, introduction of unsaturated sites at the free reactive ends of polyurethane prepolymers and copolymerization of vinyl terminated polyurethane prepolymers with n-butyl acrylate. Also, these copolymers were applied on textile fabric as finishing agent and their effect was assessed by different standard textile tests.
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