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قائم دین

                قائم دین (افسانوی مجموعہ)

                قائم دین ناطق کا پہلا افسانوی مجموعہ ہے جسے 2010ء میں آکسفورڈ اور پھر 2018ء میں سانجھ پبلی کیشنز نے چھاپا یہ کتاب 128 صفحات پر مشتمل ہے اور اس کا انتساب افتخار عارف کے نام ہے۔یہاں  ہر ایک افسانے کا الگ الگ جائزہ پیش کرنا مشکل ہے۔

                مصنف مذکور نے مشاہدے کی کیا صورت حال  بیان کی ہے۔اس کا طرز بیان کیسا ہے اس کے مطابق یہ بتانا مقصود ہے کہ جہاں انہیں زبان پر عبور حاصل ہے وہاں ان کا طرز بیان بھی نہایت سادہ اور جلد سمجھ آجانے والا ہے۔قاری کو اپنی گرفت میں رکھتا ہے۔ قائم دین کے تمام افسانوں میں ان کا ایک خاص انداز تحریر ہیکہ قاری ایک ہی نشست میں تمام افسانے پڑھ لینا چاہتا ہے۔ ہر افسانہ اپنے اندر ایک منفرد کہانی رکھتا ہے،قاری افسانے میں پڑھنے والے واقعات کو اپنی زندگی کا حصہ سمجھتا ہے۔ظفر اقبال ناطق کے افسانوں پہ انھیں  داد دیتیہوئے لتین  ہیں کہ:

ہم تو جو ہیں جہاں سے آئے ہیں

آپ لیکن کہاں سے آئے ہیں

 

                ناطق کا کام دادکے قابل ہے جو انھیںدوسرے ادیبوں سے ممتاز کرتا ہے ہر افسانہ اپنے اندر ایک امتیازی وصف رکھتا ہے۔افسانوں میں موجود تمام کہانیاں حقیقت سے اس قدر قریب ہیں کہ قاری کو اپنی زندگی کا حصہ معلوم ہوتی ہیں۔

ملک و ملت کی تعمیر و ترقی میں احتساب کا کردار: سیرت طیبہﷺکی روشنی میں

This is a familiar fact that accountability has a primary, important and key role to reform and develop an individual as well as a society. Quran (The Holy Book) and Sunnah (The Sayings the Prophet Muhammad (PBUH) emphasize the acco-untability and the Seerah (Prophet’s life) is its practical example. The Prophet (PBUH) mentioned the importance of individual accountability, told the people to follow the principle of accountability and also set up a collective account-ability system. On various occasions, He inquired the governors and investigated their financial matters. He also strongly condemned crimes such as exploitation, corruption, deception and cheating; those are the result of lack of accountability and He communicated the Ummah to stay away from the devastating crimes like these. The study of Seerah (the Prophet’s life) shows that He strongly empha-sized the accountability among all other matters. The Prophet (PBUH) used practical measures for justice and equality, giving people their rights and elimin-ating all kinds of oppression, abuse, injustice, exploitation and corruption. It was the effect of the teaching and training of the Prophet (PBUH) that the lives of companion’s رضی اللہ عنہم اجمعین of Prophet Muhammad (PPBUH) are the basic source of guidance for mankind till the world due to accountability. The compa-nions of the Prophet (PBUH) used to arrange the accountability and also self-accountability, as a result, the society was a manifestation of transparency, peace fulness, ideal, and brotherhood. Translation errorThis article explains the need and importance of accountability, role of accountability in the country's development, different types of accountability in the light of Seerah. As a result, firstly, we may be able to step up towards the formation of a righteous society. Secondly the rules and regulations for the establishment of an ideal welfare state in the light of Seerah may come into existence.

Women and Maternal Health Care Providers’ Perceptions, Beliefs and Attitudes Towards Use of Epidural Analgesia for Labour Pain Relief

Background: Epidural analgesia (EA) is considered the gold standard for relief of labour pains due to its effectiveness, safety and flexibility of use. There is a disparity of utilization between high and low & middle income countries with lack of knowledge and resources implicated. Aga Khan University Hospital Nairobi is a well-resourced facility with a well-established EA service. This study explores the perceptions, beliefs and attitudes of women seen at the facility towards EA and how these affect their decision to use the method. It also explores health care providers’ views on the method and how they influence the women’s choice. Finally, it considers the perspectives of the women and health workers on what approaches could be taken to improve uptake of the method. Objectives: Primary Objectives 1. To explore women’s perceptions, beliefs and attitudes towards epidural analgesia use in labour. 2. To explore obstetric healthcare providers’ perceptions, beliefs and attitudes towards epidural analgesia use in labour. Secondary objective 1. To explore the views of women and health care providers on what approaches would increase uptake of epidural analgesia in labour. Methodology: This exploratory qualitative study involved in-depth interviews (IDIs) conducted among pregnant women, consultant and resident obstetricians and anaesthesiologists and two focused group discussions (FGDs) conducted among midwives, at the Aga Khan University Hospital, Nairobi (AKUHN). Interviews were carried out to theoretical saturation after which verbatim transcription of the audio recordings into textual form was done followed by thematic content analysis using the framework method proposed by Ritchie and Spencer. Results: Six main themes emerged from the study; factors determining perceptions, beliefs and attitudes to epidural analgesia; knowledge of participants regarding epidural analgesia; actual perceptions, beliefs and attitudes regarding epidural analgesia; usual practice by health care providers regarding labour pain relief; barriers to the use of epidural analgesia and the views of women and health care providers on how to improve uptake of epidural analgesia. Conclusion: Misperceptions exist among women and healthcare providers regarding epidural analgesia. Awareness needs to be raised to dispel the myths and disseminate accurate information regarding the method. Cost is a significant barrier to uptake of the method and measures to improve affordability should be taken into consideration.
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