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مولانا اخترا حسن اصلا حی

مولانا اختراحسن اصلاحی
افسوس ہے کہ گزشتہ مہینہ مولانا اختر احسن صاحب اصلاحی مہتمم مدرسۃ الاصلاح سرائمیر نے انتقال کیا، وہ مولانا حمیدالدین فراہیؒ کے ارشد تلامذہ میں تھے، ان کو انھوں نے اپنی مخصوص طرز پر کلام مجید پر غور و فکر اور اس کی تفسیر و تاویل کی تعلیم دی تھی اور وہ اس کے اچھے شارح و ترجمان تھے، اور سیاست میں بھی پوری دستگاہ حاصل تھی، دینداری اور زہد میں بھی استاد بزرگ کے شاگرد رشید تھے، انھوں نے پوری زندگی نہایت سادگی اور قناعت کے ساتھ ایک قلیل معاوضہ پر مدرسۃ الاصلاح کی خدمت میں گذار دی، اس زمانہ میں غربت و عسرت کے ساتھ علم و دین کی خدمت صرف عربی مدارس کا حصہ ہے وہ طبعاً نیک نفس، خاموش، عزت پسند اور نام و نمود سے بے نیاز تھے، ورنہ ان کے بعض رفقاء کی طرح ان کا شمار بھی مشاہیر میں ہوتا، مدرسۃ الاصلاح کی روح رواں اب وہی تھے، وفات کے وقت پچپن سال کے قریب عمر رہی ہوگی، اﷲ تعالیٰ علم و دین کے اس خادم کو اپنی رحمت و مغفرت سے سرفراز فرمائے۔ (شاہ معین الدین ندوی، نومبر ۱۹۵۸ء)

 

4 Challenge and Response A Case Study of Benazir Bhutto’s Twin Prime Ministerships

Benazir Bhutto happened to be the first constitutionally chosen female leader of any Muslim country in Modern times. She ascended to office amid the legacy of General Zia-ul-Haq’s regime and civil-military bureaucracy that prompted diverse deterrence for her governments and abstained her from the application of her constitutional power. The essence of challenges was mostly political, but the grounds that created these abysses were political and gender partiality. Based on the above discourse, this article attempts to underline the torments confronted by Benazir being the new chapter in our political society. This is the empirical account of Benazir’s twin governments grounded on the views of important politicians who sight and accompanied her in her journey of power. To ponder the reasons that refrained Benazir from having true legal authority the study is divided into the following parts: (1) Challenge and response encountered by Benazir in the first tenure of her Prime Ministership (1988-90), (2) Challenge and response encountered by Benazir in the second tenure of her Prime Ministership (1993-1996). The PPP government had made some new political strides in general, but it was persistently controlled by the army. In the first government, the brass leadership and opposition and in later government civil-military bureaucracy and opposition impaired the democratic traditions. However, amid all this Benazir succeeded to do some pragmatic politics and defying the anti-PPP mindset.

Study of Fatty Acid Composition in Oils & Fats by Ft-Ir and Gc-Ms Techniques

The dramatic rise in coronary heart disease, high blood pressure, stroke, hypertension, diabetes, obesity certain cancers, rates among every aged men particularly adults and children over the past two decades has become a major public health concern. Its is observed that these changes occurred due to unbalanced diet, food containing high amount of saturated and trans fatty acids, re-using of frying oils in restaurant, fast food shops, stuff frying in low quality oils and fats, high consumption of cereal based food, mayonnaise, butter, margarine, biscuits, chips, snacks, ice-cream, etc. these like products containing high level of saturated fat and trans fats. A monitoring, treatment and labeling of oil quality is one most important job for the controlled or the resolved these problems. As well as a special techniques and method should be developed for to overcome these healths related problem, in present work, a rapid Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopic trans fat (TFA) method was developed assessed for monitoring and analytical purpose. The application of Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy and Gas chromatography coupled with mass spectroscopy in the assessment for the quality, stability and the determination of the and type saturation and unsaturation of oils, fats and some selected food samples was investigated. In fact, Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) represents an important tool used for quality control and monitoring process in the food industry due to the cost effectiveness, improved performance and ease of use compared to other methods. It offers a powerful, rapid, reliable method of identifying the quality and origin of foods, detecting contaminated or adulterated products, or discriminating between different types of foods. Because FT-IR analysis is a physical, nondestructive method, no reagents are required and no chemical waste is produced. Various kinds of sampling accessories are available for FT-IR measurements in the transmission, transflection, or reflection mode, and thus a broad range of solid and liquid samples can be analyzed with minimal or no sample preparation. Using this system, an FTIR and GC-MS qualitative and quantitative determination of fatty acid composition and including trans fatty acid, in the fats and oils. The obtained results compared with GC-MS. the FTIR developed methods shown the similar in accuracy, and reproducibility to the GC-MS obtained results. Determination of fatty acid composition, trans fatty acids, Free fatty acids and fat contents of some selected Pakistani product such as margarines, biscuits, potato chips and cereal based foods were also analyze by gas chromatography-mass spectroscopy in present work for the obtaining of true value of oil and fats stability and purity. It is observed that samples contains high amount of saturated and trans fat in maximum variety of the samples. On the other hand there was no labeling on the product.
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