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ماہرؔ القادری

 ماہرؔ القادری
جناب ماہر القادری کی وفات کی خبر سے بہت ہی دل گیر اور دل فگار ہوکر جب یہ تحریر لکھنے بیٹھا ہوں تو کراچی کی ساری علمی و ادبی مجلسیں یاد آرہی ہیں۔
کراچی بارہا جانے کا اتفاق ہوا، وہاں کی ممتاز شخصیتوں کی یادوں کی قندلیں روشن کرتا رہتا ہوں، ان میں بہت سے اﷲ کو پیارے بھی ہوگئے، اختر جونا گڑھی مرحوم یاد آتے ہیں، ان کی کتاب ’’طبقات الامم‘‘ دارالمصنفین سے شائع ہوئی تھی، معارف میں مولانا شبلیؒ پر اچھے مضامین لکھے، وہ بزرگ محترم مولانا سید ابوظفر ندوی مرحوم کے ساتھ جونا گڑھ سے شہاب رسالہ بھی نکالا کرتے تھے، دارالمصنفین کے بڑے قدردان رہے، وہ جس محبت سے کراچی میں ملے اس کی یاد برابر باقی رہے گی، ان ہی کے یہاں کھانے پر حفیظ ہوشیار پوری مرحوم سے ملا تھا، ان کے پرکیف نغمہ شعری سے بھی محظوظ ہوا تھا، ان کی محبت بھری باتوں میں بڑی کیفیت تھی، ممتاز حسن مرحوم (ریٹائرڈ سکریٹری محکمہ فنانس حکومت پاکستان) یاد آتے ہیں تو ان کی علم نوازی، کرم گستری اور دوست پروری کے معطر اور نکہت بیز پھولوں کے بار سے دبتا چلا جاتا ہوں، ایک رات جناب جمیل عالی کے دستر خوان پر میں جناب ممتاز حسن مرحوم، ابن انشاء مرحوم اور یادش بخیر پیر حسام الدین راشدی کے ساتھ شریک ہوا، رات کو ایک بجے تک علمی و ادبی باتیں ہوتی ہیں، وہ رات بھی کیسی حسین اور بہار آفریں تھی، ممتاز حسن مرحوم ایک تناور سایہ دار علمی برگد تھے، اسی کے چھاؤں کے نیچے کراچی کے ارباب علم جمع ہوتے اور ان کے سایہ عاطفت میں اپنے علمی و ادبی ذوق کو پھلتے پھولتے محسوس کرتے، جناب ابن انشاء مجلسوں میں ملتے اور خاموش بنے رہتے، مگر اخبار کے کالم میں شب برات کی پھلجڑی اور...

جهود علماء بهاولفور في النهضة العلمیة الحدیثة

The state of Bah┐walp┴r was founded in 1802 by Naw┐b Mohammad Bah┐wal Khan II. After the establishment of Pakistan the state opted to accede to the new, on 14 August 1947 October 1947. It was dominion of Pakistan, with effect from 7.1511 merged into the province of West Pakistan on 14 October Bah┐walp┴r has always been a seat of higher learning. Uch Shar┘f, a nearby ancient town, had one of the largest universities where scholars from all over the world used to come for studies. As a continuation of that tradition, J┐m‘a Abb┐siya was established in Bah┐walp┴r in the year 1925, following the academic pursuits of Jamia Al-Azhar, Egypt. The renowned scholars spread Islam by teaching Tafs┘r of Qura’n, Hadith, Fiqh, and History along with other contemporary subjects. The establishment of Jamia Abb┐sia and the arrival of religious scholars in Bah┐walp┴r bear witness that it is a scholarly and traditional state and it has been proved as a place of protection for educational, cultural and historical traditions.

A Disease Predictive Model for the Management of Chickpea Blight Ascochyta Rabiei Pass. Lab

Chickpea blight caused by Ascochyta rabiei (Pass.) Lab. (teleomorph: Didymella rabiei) (Kovachevski) v. Arx, is the most devastating disease of gram crop in the world. Disease can induce 100% yield losses under epidemic condition. In Pakistan, chickpea blight is causing heavy yield losses annually. Due to lack of resistance in indigenous chickpea germplasm, disease is controlled through fungicides by the growers of Pakistan. Excessive use of fungicides causes resistance in the pathogen and creates fatalistic effect on the environment. Chickpea blight disease predictive model under such situation may be effective tool to predict early onset of disease. In this way excessive use of fungicides may be avoided. Plant extracts and antagonists may also provide a replacement of chemical control of chickpea blight. The objective of this study was to develop a disease predictive model based upon environmental variables i.e. maximum and minimum temperatures, relative humidity, rainfall and wind speed to predict chickpea blight and devise an eco-friendly management strategy for this disease. Correlation and regression analysis was performed to determine the relationship of environmental variables with disease severity. Significant correlation was found between all environmental variables and disease severity. Maximum temperature showed negative correlation, while minimum temperature, relative humidity, rainfall and wind speed exhibited positive correlation with disease severity. Environmental factors and disease severity data of five years (2006-10) was used to develop a disease predictive model using stepwise regression analysis. Maximum and minimum temperatures, relative humidity, rainfall and wind speed significantly contributed in disease development and explained 72% variability in disease severity. This model, based on five years data, was then validated with two years (2011-12) environmental and disease severity data. In two years model all environmental parameters explained 82% variability in blight severity. Both models i.e. based upon five and two years data validated each other on the basis of homogeneity of regression lines. Blight severity was high at maximum (20-24°C) and minimum (12-14°C) temperatures, relative humidity (65-70%), rainfall (5-6 mm) and wind speed (5-6.5 km/h), respectively. Chickpea germplasm comprised of 48 genotypes was screened against chickpea blight during years 2011-12. Advanced lines exhibited resistant and moderately resistant response were viz; K-60013, K-98008, K-96001, K-96022, D-97092, D-91055, D-90272, D-96050, D-Pb2008 and D-Pu502-362, and K-96033, K-89169, K-90395, D-91017, D-89044, D-05006, D-96018, D-86030, D-96032, D-03009 and D-1CC-5127, respectively. For the management of disease, five fungicides, five plant extracts and two bio-control agents were evaluated under in vitro conditions. The concentrations of fungicides were 0.05%, 0.10% and 0.15%, respectively while concentrations of plant extracts were 3%, 5% and 8%, respectively. Spore suspension of bio-controls was kept as; 105, 106, and 107 conidia/mL, respectively. Means of treatments were compared using least significant difference (LSD) test. Two fungicides i.e. Alliete and ThiovetJet @ 0.15%, two plants extracts i.e. Melia azedarach and Azadirachta indica @ 8% and bio-control agent (Trichoderma harzianum at 107 conidia/mL) proved significantly effective under in vitro conditions. These most effective treatments were then applied under in vivo to check their efficacy for two years. Significant disease severity was reduced by fungicides i.e. Alliete (17%) and Thiovetjet (23%) followed by plant extracts, in which M. azedarach and A. indica reduced disease severity to 50% and 56%, respectively compared to control (75%). T. harzianum proved third good against chickpea blight disease in field after fungicides and plant extracts.
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Asian Research Index Whatsapp Chanel

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