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الفهارس

الفهارس
الفهارس أ‌
كلمة المُراجع (التقريظ) ج‌
التقريظ (2) خ‌
كلمة الشكر و التقدیر ذ‌
المقدمة ص‌
تمهيد ق‌
الباب الأول: المقارنة بین عصر نازك الملائكة وعصر 1
الفصل الأول: ما هو الأدب المقارن ؟ 3
المبحث الأول: بداية الشعر الحر 5
المبحث الثاني: حقيقة الشعر الحر 6
المبحث الثالث:هل الشعر الحر نوعٌ من النثر؟ 7
المبحث الرابع:بعض شعراء العصر الجديد 8
المبحث الخامس: إتفاق الشعراء حول نازك الملائكة 13
الفصل الثانی: الشعر الجديد في شبة القارۃ الهندية 16
المبحث الأول: الأدب النسائي 18
المبحث الثاني: الشاعرات الباکستانيات في اللغات الباكستانية المختلفة 21
المبحث الثالث: الأدب النسائي في اللغة الأردية 23
المبحث الرابع: أهم الشاعرات في اللغة الأردية بعد قيام باكستان 24
المبحث الخامس الأدب النسائي والعهد الحاضر 27
المبحث السادس: الغزل وبروين شاکر 29
النتائج 31
الباب الثاني: الشاعرۃ نازك الملائکۃ 33
الفصل الأول: نازک الملائكة رائدة الشعر العربي الحُر الشاعرۃ الحزينة 35
المبحث الأول: مولدها ونشأتها 35
المبحث الثاني: سبب تسميتها بنازك الملائكة 36
المبحث الثالث: ثقافتها 37
المبحث الرابع: تعليمها 38
المبحث الخامس: زواجها 39
المبحث السادس: مرضها ووفاتها 40
الفصل الثانی: أسلوب نازك الملائكة وأهم دواوينها 41
المبحث الأول: ممیزات أشعار نازك الملائکۃ 41
المبحث الثاني: مأساۃ الحياۃ وأغنية للإنسان 42
المبحث الثالث: أهم مؤلفاتها 45
المبحث الرابع: دواوين نازك الملائكة بالترتيب 47
المبحث الخامس: بدايةالنظم عند نازك الملائكة 51
المبحث السادس: تعريف الشعر الحر وإلیٰ من تنتسب ريادة الشعر الحر؟ 53
المبحث السابع:قصيدة بديع حقي 54
النتائج 56
الباب الثالث: الشاعرة المعروفة بروين شاکر 57
الفصل الأول: بروين شاکر من أعظم الشاعرات في الباکستان 59
المبحث الأول: أصلها ونسبها 59
المبحث الثاني: زواجها 62
المبحث الثالث: طلاقها 64
المبحث الرابع: شعرها 66
المبحث الخامس: شخصيتها 67
المبحث السادس: وفاتها 68
الفصل الثاني: دواوينها...

صحتِ انسانی اور صحت مند ماحول میں نباتات کا کردار: سائنس اوراسلامی تعلیمات کے تناظر میں ایک مطالعہ

The research paper deals with role of plants in human health and healthy environment in the context of Qur'anic verses and science. The concept of growing plants for health rather than for food or fiber is slowly changing plant biotechnology and medicine. Rediscovery of the connection between plants and health is responsible for launching a new generation of botanical therapeutics that include plant-derived pharmaceuticals, multi component botanical drugs, dietary supplements, functional foods and plant-produced recombinant proteins. Many of these products will soon complement conventional pharmaceuticals in the treatment, prevention and diagnosis of diseases, while at the same time adding value to agriculture. Holy Quran describes the importance of rain as pure water to irrigate dead soil and emergence of life (plant’s growth) from the dead soil. Plants provide foods for human beings and are necessary for healthy environment. Man is an omnivore who gets his food from both plant and animal sources. However, for immediate energy, humans rely more on plant starches and soluble sugars, including glucose and edible sugar. Generally, our normal diet consists of rice or wheat bread which is a very important source of starch.  Sugar and fats are the two most important components of food managed by plants. Apart from this, the man manages vegetables and salads from plants which are the guarantors of his health/survival in modern times. There are many reasons for diversity in plants. The obvious reason is the chemistry of that particular piece of land, what kind of minerals/salts and other nutrients that land has and what types of plants can grow there in their presence. In this research written with a descriptive and analytical approach, it is proved that according to Quran and science plants have a great role in human health and healthy environment.

A New Framework to Bridge Semantic Gap for Semantics Based Image Retrieval

The performance of Content Based Image Retrieval (CBIR) is limited because of the Semantic Gap (SG). This motivates to extend the image retrieval process beyond low level descriptions to image semantics. Therefore, researchers proposed Semantic Based Image Retrieval (SBIR) to bridge SG. In the literature, various approaches for SBIR such as image annotation, relevance feedback, and object ontology have been proposed to bridge SG. It has been observed that not very promising results with these methods are reported in the literature. Annotation based approaches are constrained by low precision because real life images usually have a diverse set of image concepts. Relevance feedback approach is also constrained by low precision and recall because it forces to alter the query vector that causes to modify image semantics. Object ontology is a considerably good approach, but its metadata architecture appears to be very complex and suggested to use only for semantic web instead of SBIR. Moreover, this approach is reported to have low precision for conceptually diverse images. Therefore, the first contribution of our work is the performance evaluation of CBIR methods using soft computing techniques for image comparison and retrieval. In this regard, we have reported performance improvement in terms of retrieving visually similar images by employing proposed modifications in soft computing methods. However, these modifications do not translate into semantically correct retrieval of images. This leads us towards the logical conclusion of planning and development of a new SBIR framework using image concepts. By the term “image concept” we means that a set of noticeable objects and regions in an image e.g. Sky, group of person, land etc. In our first contribution we have also explored existing CBIR approaches in order to find a suitable 11 candidate (or its modified version) to be used for SBIR. The second contribution of our work is therefore to bridge the SG with a maximum tradeoff between precision and recall. The proposed framework is extensively examined by evaluating precision and recall for large segmented datasets. For the rigorous testing of our major contributions, three datasets have been opted, namely, Wang’s, COIL, and IAPR TC-12.
Asian Research Index Whatsapp Chanel
Asian Research Index Whatsapp Chanel

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