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اردو شاعری میں مغربی تہذیب کا تذکرہ

اردو شاعری میں مغربی تہذیب کا تذکرہ

                                                ڈاکٹر عبدالمنان چیمہ

برصغیر پاک و ہند میں اسلامی تہذیب و تمدن رائج   میں اردو زبان  و ادب نے جان دار اور شان دار کردار ادا کیا۔  آج کل پرنٹ میڈیا اور الیکٹرانک میڈیا ہمارے معاشرے میں مغربی تہذیب و تمدن  سرایت کرنے  میں کلیدی  کردار ادا کر رہا ہے ۔ یہ بات عیاں ہے کہ ٹی وی ، انٹرنیٹ ، موبائل استعمال کرنے کے بعد نماز، روزہ اور دین اسلام کی طرف رجحان کم اور شیطان کی طرف زیادہ ہو جا تا ہے یہی وجہ ہے کہ فارغ اوقات میں قرآن و حدیث کے مطالعہ کی بجائے فلم دیکھنے کو جی چاہتا ہے ۔ مغربی تہذیب و تمدن کی مصنوعی روشنیوں نے مسلمانوں کی نوجوان نسل کے ایمان کو راکھ کر دیاہے ۔ مغربی تہذیب کے پھیلاؤ نے نوجوان کی سوچ کو کیمو فلاج کر دیا ہے ۔اسلام کسی ایسی تہذیب و ثقافت اپنانے کی اجازت نہیں دیتا جو معاشرے میں فساد کا باعث ہو ۔ معاشرہ میں مغربی تہذیب کا قلع قمع  کرنا وقت کی پکار ہے۔ عصر حاضر میں اسلام پر عمل پیرا ہو کر مغربی تہذیبی و ثقافتی یلغار کا مقابلہ کیا  جاسکتا ہے۔ مغربی تہذیب و تمدن کا اثر ونفوذ سب کے سامنے ہے۔ہمارے معاشرے میں معاشی و سماجی نظام کا عدم استحکام سے دوچار ہونا اس کی جیتی جاگتی مثال ہے۔

  ہمارے ملک میں انگزیر ی زبان و ادب   اور مغربی تہذیب کا اثر و نفوذ بڑھتا جارہا ہے۔اردو زبان  پاکستان کی قومی زبان ہے جس نے  جنوبی ایشیا میں  اسلام کی اشاعت  و تبلیغ میں جاندار کردار ادا کیا ہے ۔ اردو ز بان و ادب کے فروغ سے مغربی طرزِ حیات کے بڑھتے ہوئے رجحان کا مقابلہ کیا جا سکتا...

تنبيهات الحافظ ابن حجر في فتح الباري على الإمام الكرماني في الکواکب الدراري في الإتصال والإنقطاع: دراسة نقدية مقارنة

Sahih al-Bukhari a collection of ahadith of Mohammad (PUUH) compiled by Imam Abu Abdullah Muhammad al-Bukhari, has been given great importance by the Muslim scholars of past and present time. Many detailed commentaries on this collection have been written So the number of methods have been increased during the commentary of this book. Some of them explained it in detail, and some concerned with a particular aspect. “Al Kawakib Ad Durari” by Imam Alkirmani is an old explanation of Sahih Bukhari. Many commentators came after Imam Alkirmani consulted his book, and quoted his statements in their books; sometimes agreeing, and at other times contravention. Imam Alkirmani was among those scholars who were expert in many fields at a time like know-ledge about hadith, its narrators, commentary, qiraat, Quranic science, Islamic Jurisprudence, Arabic language, Faith, medicine, history, geography, astronomy etc. During studying “Fath al Bari”I found that Alhafiz Ibne Hajar criticized on the commentary of Alkirmani at many times in relating to the continuation and discount-inuation of traditions. In this article I studied these comments of Alhafiz Ibne Hajar on Imam Alkirmani a critical comparison. After research I have found that Alhafiz Ibne Hajar has consulted “Al Kawakib Ad Durari” and quoted Imam Alkirmani’s commentary and added it. This article approves that the opinion of Alhafiz Ibne Hajar is more reliable than Imam Alkirmani.

Impact of Biochar on Chromium Uptake by Maize Grown in Tannery Polluted Soil

Leather industry is one of the leading industries in Pakistan. However, environmental management for this industry is generally ignored. Chromium (Cr) is a heavy metal used for tanning of leather and discharged into soil through waste water. It is toxic to plants and animals even at low concentration and causes human health hazards through food chain. Organic amendments such as compost and biochar are alternatives to expensive and could lower the pollutant associated risk. Elemental sulfur (ES) as inorganic amendments could alter the Cr dynamics and lowered the toxicity by adsorption on biochar surfaces. A survey of tannery area of District Kasur (K) and Sialkot (S) was conducted to check the Cr toxicity level in different location and soil was collected. The present research project was planned with four independent experiments focusing on major issues: (i) Evaluation of feedstock and pyrolytic temperature for biochar production on the basis of maximum adsorption of Cr (ii) Effect of biochar on different maize cultivars grown in tannery polluted soil (iii) Impact of biochar with compost on Cr tolerance in maize cultivars (iv) Effect of biochar with elemental sulfur on Cr dynamics in soil to reduce uptake in maize. In evaluation of biochar, sugarcane bagasse (SB) prepared at 350oC applied at rate of 3% maximum adsorb the Cr and improved the soil pH, electrical conductivity (EC), cation exchange capacity (CEC) and organic carbon (OC). After development of best adsorbent biochar, it was further evaluated on different maize cultivars grown in tannery polluted soil. Biochar application in both K and S soil were significantly improved the plant growth, physiological and biochemical attributes and decreased the concentration of Cr (VI) and Cr (III) in maize cultivars. Cultivar P-1543 performed better followed by NK-8441, NK-8711 and FH-985 in both K and S soils. Furthermore, biochar was evaluated with compost (1:1) on Cr tolerance in maize cultivars (P-1543 and NK-8441) grown in tannery polluted soil. It was observed that combined application of biochar and compost showed better results than their sole application. In comparison of both soil, Cr toxicity were more effected the maize growth in Sialkot soil. In the last trial, more polluted Sialkot soil was ameliorated. Biochar was compared with ES on Cr dynamics in tannery polluted K and S soil. It was observed that biochar application with ES improved the maize growth by reduced the toxicity of Cr in K as well S Soil. Conclusively, biochar (SB-350oC) application at rate of 3% was effective in amelioration of tannery polluted soil and combine application of biochar with compost and ES were better improved the maize growth.
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