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بدالدجیٰؐ کی بات ہے اور ہم ہیں دوستو

بدر الدجیؐ کی بات ہے اور ہم ہیں دوستو!
ذکرِ نبیؐ کی رات ہے اور ہم ہیں دوستو!

ہر حرفِ احتیاط ہے اور ہم ہیں دوستو!
نوکِ قلم پہ نعت ہے اور ہم ہیں دوستو!

اُس بارگاہِ ناز میں مدحت کے پھول ہیں
مداح رب کی ذات ہے اور ہم ہیں دوستو!

اِس بزمِ خاص میں ہے فقط اُنؐ کا تذکرہ
میرے نبیؐ کی بات ہے اور ہم ہیں دوستو!

لمحے ہماری عُمر کے کتنے قلیل ہیں
کتنی طویل بات ہے اور ہم ہیں دوستو!

یہ فخر ہے کہ اُمّتی خیرالورؐیٰ کے ہیں
مقصودِ کائناتؐ ہے اور ہم ہیں دوستو!

ہر حرفِ نعت ہم پہ عطا ہے حضورؐ کی
یہ قلبی واردات ہے اور ہم ہیں دوستو!

ہم کو تو کائنات ہی لگتی ہے بزمِ نعت
عرفانؔ! وہ بھی ساتھ ہے اور ہم ہیں دوستو!

Pandemic Impact on the Travels and Tourism Sector of Nepal

The travel and tours enterprise were badly affected due to pandemics. In the aftermath of high restrictions on human movement, travel-based entrepreneurs were highly impacted due to lockdown. Due to pandemic, highly impacted into earning-saving, lack of supportive working conditions, lower self-capacity, and lack of recovery budget and policies, the travel and tours-based entrepreneurs were highly impacted. The study reflected the impact of pandemics on travel and tours, major constraints, and a possible way forward to sustaining. The research explores what are the major existing practices of sustaining travel and tours entrepreneurs during pandemics, what factors can contribute to building bounce-back capacities of travel and tours entrepreneurs’ sustainability. Above forty-four, snowball-based sampling was done from major travel and tours entrepreneurs, Pokhara-Nepal. A structure-based open-ended questionnaire, key informant interviews, and in-person-based discussion were applied in the method of study. Used the content analysis along with a recap of the research question, undertake bracketing to identify biases, operationalize variables with develop a coding, and code the data with undertaking analysis while qualitative analysis, and multiple regression facilitated on quantitative analysis to finalize the discussion. The study reflects that self-saving, social support, state and financial institutions recovery support, social behavior and change communication, full vaccination practices, and self-accountable tourist behavior are highly expectable conditions to the sustainability of travel and torus entrepreneurship in the learning area. The study concludes that self-saving capacity can contribute to bounce-back capacity for every entrepreneur. Social support and socioeconomic recovery packages were also contributing to sustaining travel and tours in the study area. Self-saving condition and capacity is higher bounce back capacity compared to non-saved entrepreneurs in the study area. Social support, socioeconomic recovery practices, and recovery packages from state and financial institutions were not at the higher level as expected.

Properties of Reflexive and Cordial Labelings

An irregular assignment of a graph G is a mapping from the edge set of G to the numbers from 1 up to k such that all vertex weights are pairwise distinct, where the vertex weight is the sum of labels of edges incident to that vertex. The irregularity strength s(G) can be interpreted as the smallest integer k for which G can be turned into a multigraph G0 by replacing each edge by a set of at most k parallel edges, such that the degrees of the vertices in G0 are all di erent. The concept of re exive irregular multigraphs proposed as a natural consequence of irregular multigraphs by allowing for loops. Irregular re exive labeling includes also vertex labels which represent loops and thus the vertex labels are even numbers representing the fact that each loop contributes twice to the vertex degree, with 0 for a vertex without loops. The weight of a vertex under a total labeling is now determined by summing the incident edge labels and the label of the vertex itself. A labeling which chooses labels for edges from 1 up to k and takes even numbers from 0 up to k as vertex labels is called an edge irregular re exive labeling if di erent edges have di erent weights, where the weight of an edge is the sum of labels of end vertices of this edge and the edge label itself. The smallest value of k for which such labeling exists is called the re exive edge strength of the graph. In this thesis we will investigate the re exive edge strength of cycles, Cartesian product of cycles, join of graphs, friendship graphs and generalized prism graphs. We will also study the 3-total edge product cordial labelings of the graphs. Let the edges of a graph G are labeled with numbers from 0 to k ? 1, for 2 k jE(G)j. Consider the induced vertex labels de ned as the product of labels of incident edges under modulo k. Then this edge labeling is called k-total edge product cordial if the di erence of the number of vertices and edges labeled with i and the number of vertices and edges labeled with j at most 1, for every i and j, 0 i; j k ? 1. In Chapter 3 we will deal with 3-total edge product cordial labelings of honeycombs, some nanotubes, grids and generalized prisms.
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